Cellular plastics or plastic foams, also referred to as expanded or
sponge plastics, generally consist of a minimum of two phases, a
solid-polymer matrix and a gaseous phase derived from a blowing
agent. The solid-polymer phase may be either inorganic, organic or
organometallic. There may be more than one solid phase present,
which can be composed of polymer alloys or polymer blends based on
two or more polymers, or which can be in the form of
interpenetrating polymer networks (I PNs) which consist of at least
two crosslinked polymer networks, or a pseudo- or semi-1 PN formed
from a combination of at least one or more linear polymers with
crosslinked polymers not linked by means of covalent bonds.
Other solid phases may be present in the foam in the form of
fillers, either fibrous or other shaped fillers which may be of
inorganic origin, e.g., glass, ceramic or metallic, or they may be
polymeric in nature. Foams may be flexible or rigid, depending upon
whether their glass- transition temperatures are below or above
room temperature, which, in turn, depends upon their chemical
composition, degree of crystallanity, and degree of crosslinking.
Intermediate between flexible and rigid foams are semi-rigid or
semi- flexible foams. The cell geometry, i.e., open vs. closed
cell, size and shape, greatly affect the foam properties.
This book is intended to be a source of practical up-to-date
information on all types of plastic foams (cellular plastics) in
current use, including the newer structural plastic foams.
Elastomeric (rubber-like) foams are also considered. The book is
intended primarily for those who require a nontheoretical,
authoritative, easy-to-use handbook in the subjectarea. It should
be of value to materials engineers, plastics fabricators, chemists,
chemical engineers, and students. Recognized authorities have
written several chapters and parts of chapters in their fields of
expertise.
The book is organized in such a way that information on a
desired subject can be found rapidly. An unusual feature is a
comprehensive listing of all known standardization documents (test
methods, practices, and specifications), including some
international standards. Each document includes a brief description
of its contents.
General
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