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Books > Humanities > Philosophy > Topics in philosophy > Epistemology, theory of knowledge
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Phenomenology - Basing Knowledge on Appearance (Paperback)
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Phenomenology - Basing Knowledge on Appearance (Paperback)
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Loot Price R482
Discovery Miles 4 820
Expected to ship within 10 - 15 working days
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Phenomenology is the study of appearance as such. It is a branch of
both Ontology and Epistemology, since appearing is being known. By
an 'appearance' is meant any existent which impinges on
consciousness, anything cognized, irrespective of any judgment as
to whether it be 'real' or 'illusory.' The evaluation of a
particular appearance as a reality or an illusion is a complex
process, involving inductive and deductive logical principles and
activities. Opinion has to earn the status of strict knowledge.
Knowledge develops from appearances, which may be: (a) objects of
perception, i.e. concrete phenomena in the physical or mental
domains; (b) objects of intuition, i.e. one's subjective self,
cognitions, volitions and valuations (non-phenomenal concretes);
and/or (c) objects of conception, i.e. simple or complex abstracts
of preceding appearances. Abstraction relies on apprehensions of
sameness and difference between appearances (including received or
projected appearances, and projected negations of appearances).
Coherence in knowledge (perceptual, intuitive and conceptual) is
maintained by apprehensions of compatibility or incompatibility.
Words facilitate our construction of conceptual knowledge, thanks
to their intentionality. The abstract concepts most words intend
are common characters or behaviors of particulars (concrete
material, mental or subjective experiences). Granting everything in
the world is reducible to waves, 'universals' would be equalities
or proportionalities in the measures of the features, motions and
interrelations of particular waves. Such a theory of universals
would elucidate sensation and memory. In attempting to retrace the
development of conceptual knowledge from experience, we may refer
to certain major organizing principles. It is also important to
keep track of the order of things in such development,
interrelating specific concepts and specific experiences. By
proposing a precise sequence of events, we avoid certain logical
fallacies and are challenged to try and answer certain crucial
questions in more detail. Many more topics are discussed in the
present collection of essays, including selfhood, adduction and
other logical issues, the status of mathematical concepts and
theology.
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