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Mammalian Dispersal Patterns (Paperback)
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Mammalian Dispersal Patterns (Paperback)
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Mammalian Dispersal Patterns examines the ways that social
structure affects population genetics and, in turn, rates of
evolution, in mammalian groups. It brings together fieldwork in
animal behavior and wildlife biology with theoretical work in
demography and population genetics. The focus here is
dispersal--whether, how, and when individuals leave the areas where
they are born.
Theoretical work in population genetics indicates that such social
factors as skewed sex ratios, restrictive mating patterns, and
delayed age of first reproduction will lower the reproductive
variability of a population by reducing the number of genotypes
passed from one generation to the next. Field studies have shown
that many mammalian species do exhibit many such social
characteristics. Among horses, elephant seals, and a number of
primates, the majority of females are inseminated by only a
fraction of the males. In pacts of wolves and mongooses, usually
only the highest-ranking male and female breed in a given season.
Although socially restricted mating tends to lower genetic
variability in isolated populations, it actually tends to increase
genetic variability in subdivided populations with low rates of
migration between subunits. Among some species there is little
dispersal and thus little gene flow between subpopulations; other
species travel far afield before mating.
The contributors to this volume examine actual data from
populations of mammals, the way patterns of dispersal correlate
with the genetic structure of individuals and populations, and
mathematical models of population structure. This interdisciplinary
approach has an important bearing on work in conservation of both
wildlife and zoo populations, for it shows that the home range and
the population size needed to maintain genetic variability can
differ greatly from one species to the next. The volume also offers
a fruitful model for future research.
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