From the Foreword by Nobel Laureate David Hubel
"We now have the first clear demonstration of double opponent cells
in the primate visual system. Given the temperament of those who
work in the field of color vision there seems little doubt that
heated debates will continue, but for the present at least, the
subject seems to be as close to settled as such things can be in
science."
How the brain represents color remains one of the most
controversial topics in neurophysiology. We know that color is
represented through an opponent mechanism, demonstrated by the fact
that some colors are exclusive of others. Yet how these
antagonistic chromatic axes are represented in the cortex has been
a mystery.
Dr. Conway mapped the spatial and temporal structure of the cone
inputs to single neurons in the primary visual cortex of the alert
macaque. Color cells had receptive fields that were often
Double-Opponent, an organization of spatial and chromatic opponency
sufficient to form the basis for color constancy and spatial color
contrast. Almost all color cells gave a bigger response to color
when preceded by an opposite color, suggesting that these cells
also encode temporal color contrast. In sum, color perception is
likely subserved by a subset of specialized neurons in the primary
visual cortex. These cells are distinct from those that likely
underlie form and motion perception. Color cells establish three
color axes sufficient to describe all colors; moreover these cells
are capable of computing spatial and temporal color contrast - and
probably contribute to color constancy computations - because the
receptive fields of these cells show spatial and temporal chromatic
opponency.
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