An important mathematician and astronomer in medieval India,
Bhascara Acharya (1114 85) wrote treatises on arithmetic, algebra,
geometry and astronomy. He is also believed to have been head of
the astronomical observatory at Ujjain, which was the leading
centre of mathematical sciences in India. Forming part of his
Sanskrit magnum opus Siddh nta Shiromani, the present work is his
treatise on algebra. It was first published in English in 1813
after being translated from a Persian text by the East India
Company civil servant Edward Strachey (1774 1832). The topics
covered include operations involving positive and negative numbers,
surds and zero, as well as algebraic, simultaneous and
indeterminate equations. Strachey also appends useful notes made by
the orientalist Samuel Davis (1760 1819). Of enduring interest in
the history of mathematics, this was notably the first work to
acknowledge that a positive number has two square roots.
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