An important mathematician and astronomer in medieval India,
Bhascara Acharya (1114 85) wrote treatises on arithmetic, algebra,
geometry and astronomy. He is also believed to have been head of
the astronomical observatory at Ujjain, which was the leading
centre of mathematical sciences in India. Forming part of his
Sanskrit magnum opus Siddh nta Shiromani, the present work is his
treatise on arithmetic, including coverage of geometry. It was
first published in English in 1816 after being translated by the
East India Company surgeon John Taylor (d.1821). Used as a textbook
in India for centuries, it provides the basic mathematics needed
for astronomy. Topics covered include arithmetical terms, plane
geometry, solid geometry and indeterminate equations. Of enduring
interest in the history of mathematics, this work also contains
Bhascara's pictorial proof of Pythagoras' theorem.
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