In AD 1438 a battle took place outside the city of Cuzco that
changed the course of South American history. The Chanka, a
powerful ethnic group from the Andahuaylas region, had begun an
aggressive program of expansion. Conquering a host of smaller
polities, their army had advanced well inside the territory of
their traditional rival, the Inca. In a series of unusual
maneuvers, the Inca defeated the invading Chanka forces and became
the most powerful people in the Andes. Many scholars believe that
the defeat of the Chanka represents a defining moment in the
history of South America as the Inca then continued to expand and
establish the largest empire of the Americas. Despite its critical
position in South American history, until recently the Chanka
heartland remained unexplored and the cultural processes that led
to their rapid development and subsequent defeat by the Inca had
not been investigated. From 2001 to 2004, Brian Bauer conducted an
archaeological survey of the Andahuaylas region. This project
represents an unparalleled opportunity to examine theoretical
issues concerning the history and cultural development of
late-prehistoric societies in this area of the Andes. The resulting
book includes an archaeological analysis on the development of the
Chanka and examines their ultimate defeat by the Inca.
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