Withania is a genus of the nightshade family of flowering plants
distributed in the subtropical regions from the Mediterranean to
South East Asia. Only two species, W. somnifera and W. coagulans,
are found in India. The most common species is W. somnifera (WS),
which occurs naturally in the subtropical regions from the
Mediterranean through Africa to the Middle East, the Indian
Continent, Sri Lanka, South East Asia, subtropical America and
Australia. It is a perennial shrub that grows to 75 cm (.75 m) tall
with tomentose branches, oval yellowish green leaves, orange red
berries and a papery calyx, and it survives harsher climatic
conditions. In Ayurveda it is believed the plants which survive
harsh conditions have strong healing and tonification properties.
The main bioactive phytoconstituents of WS are withanolides
(steroidal lactones), alkaloids, flavonoids, sterols, phenolics and
others. Among the various withanolides, withanolide A, withaferin
A, withanone and withanolide D are the most abundant, having
various activities. WS is a wonder herb with a broad spectrum of
pharmacological properties, such as antioxidant, antidepressant,
aphrodisiac, antiulcerogenic, antivenom, anti-inflammatory,
antiarthritic, anticancer, antiparasitic, antimicrobial,
anticancerous, antidiabetic, antitumor, hemopoetic
neuroregenerative, immunomodulatory, cardioprotective,
radio-sensitizing, rejuvenating, antistress, sedative,
hypoglycemic, thyroprotective, adaptogenic, antispasmodic,
immunomodulatory, immunostimulant and antiaging properties. The
simultaneous quantitative analysis of six major bioactive
withanolides in five varieties of WS and in different plant parts
(root, stem and leaf) of WS was accomplished. This method is also
applicable to control the quality of commercially formulated
products which contain WS bioactive compounds. Results indicated
the WS variety NMITLI-135 showed the maximum abundance of
withanolides at pH 8.5, EC-0.5 dS m 1, ESP-13 in sodic soil. Our
results showed this readily available, rapid and reliable method is
suitable for the routine analysis and effective quality control of
raw materials and finished products. FEATURES Presents a collection
of Ayurvedic features and scientific analytical and pharmacological
evidence of important medicinal plants of Withania somnifera Useful
for natural product researchers, faculty, students and herbal
product manufacturers Uses advanced hyphenated techniques for
assessing phytoconstituents
General
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