Isoenzymes were 'discovered' 20 years ago and were at first
regarded as interesting but rare occurrences. Since then a wealth
of information on enzyme heterogeneity has accrued and it now seems
likely that at least half of all enzymes exist as isoenzymes. This
is important in many areas of biological and medical science. Thus
isoenzyme studies have provided the main experimental substance for
the neutral drift controversy in genetics and evolution; they have
greatly extended our understanding of metabolic regulation not only
in animals but also in bacteria and plants; their existence has
made available a multitude of highly sensitive markers for the
study of differentiation and development, as well as providing
indices of aberrant gene expression in carcinogenesis and other
pathological processes. Iso enzymes are also being used
increasingly in diagnostic clinical bio chemistry. It is surprising
that this phenomenon which affects such a high pro portion of
enzymes and is clearly important in biochemistry should receive
such scant attention in the standard textbooks of that subject, the
formal treatment of isoenzymology in these rarely exceeding one or
two pages. This may be because the 'pure biochemist' has tended to
regard variation in enzyme properties between tissues more as an
unwanted complication than as a potential source of insight into
diversity of biological function."
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