Presenting a comprehensive overview of the multifaceted field of proteases in the extracellular matrix environment, this reference focuses on the recently elucidated functions of complex proteolytic systems in physiological and pathological tissue remodeling. The proteases treated include both serine proteases such as plasminogen activators and TTSPs, metalloproteases such as MMPs and ADAMS and cysteine protease cathepsins. The text specifically addresses the role of extracellular proteases in cancer cell invasion, stroke and infectious diseases, describing the basic biochemistry behind these disease states, as well as therapeutic strategies based on protease inhibition. With its trans-disciplinary scope, this reference bridges the gap between fundamental research and biomedical and pharmaceutical application, making this required reading for basic and applied scientists in the molecular life sciences.

Authored by the world's leading kinase experts, this is a comprehensive introduction to current knowledge and practice within this emerging field. Following an overview of the major players and pathways that define the kinome, the major part of this work is devoted to current strategies of kinome investigation and manipulation. As such, kinase engineering, peptide substrate engineering, co-substrate design and kinase inhibitor design are discussed in detail, and their potential applications in kinome analysis and kinome-based pharmacotherapy are shown. The result is a toolbox for every kinase researcher: By addressing and comparing current approaches to the study of kinase action, both novice and established researchers will benefit from the practical knowledge contained in this invaluable reference.

When marketing managers and financial managers join forces within any business, the result can often be poor communication on financial criteria and goals. The risk of this situation occurring is inevitably present when those with different professional backgrounds and roles are working in accordance with their own norms. In his seminal 1956 paper on general systems theory, the economist Kenneth Boulding referred to the phenomenon of "specialised ears and generalised deafness", which can be seen to exist when marketing managers are financially illiterate or when financial managers lack the necessary insights to design, implement and operate accounting systems which are useful to marketing managers in carrying out their roles. It is increasingly difficult to attach credence to the idea of marketing managers who lack financial skills, or financial managers who fail to relate to the context in which marketing managers operate. Understanding the marketing/accounting interface is therefore important in generating emergent properties from the interaction of marketers and accountants whereby the whole is greater than the sum of the parts. The chapters in this volume seek to address this challenge. This book was originally published as a special issue of the Journal of Marketing Management.

When marketing managers and financial managers join forces within any business, the result can often be poor communication on financial criteria and goals. The risk of this situation occurring is inevitably present when those with different professional backgrounds and roles are working in accordance with their own norms. In his seminal 1956 paper on general systems theory, the economist Kenneth Boulding referred to the phenomenon of "specialised ears and generalised deafness", which can be seen to exist when marketing managers are financially illiterate or when financial managers lack the necessary insights to design, implement and operate accounting systems which are useful to marketing managers in carrying out their roles. It is increasingly difficult to attach credence to the idea of marketing managers who lack financial skills, or financial managers who fail to relate to the context in which marketing managers operate. Understanding the marketing/accounting interface is therefore important in generating emergent properties from the interaction of marketers and accountants whereby the whole is greater than the sum of the parts. The chapters in this volume seek to address this challenge. This book was originally published as a special issue of the Journal of Marketing Management.

The Human Mitochondrial Genome: From Basic Biology to Disease offers a comprehensive, up-to-date examination of human mitochondrial genomics, connecting basic research to translational medicine across a range of disease types. Here, international experts discuss the essential biology of human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), including its maintenance, repair, segregation, and heredity. Furthermore, mtDNA evolution and exploitation, mutations, methods, and models for functional studies of mtDNA are dealt with. Disease discussion is accompanied by approaches for treatment strategies, with disease areas discussed including cancer, neurodegenerative, age-related, mtDNA depletion, deletion, and point mutation diseases. Nucleosides supplementation, mitoTALENs, and mitoZNF nucleases are among the therapeutic approaches examined in-depth. With increasing funding for mtDNA studies, many clinicians and clinician scientists are turning their attention to mtDNA disease association. This book provides the tools and background knowledge required to perform new, impactful research in this exciting space, from distinguishing a haplogroup-defining variant or disease-related mutation to exploring emerging therapeutic pathways.

The first systematic overview of this key technique since the early 1990s, this authoritative reference is the only handbook available to include all recent developments. The author draws on his wide-ranging experience in both academia and industry to systematically cover all types of enzyme immobilization methods, such as adsorption-based and covalent immobilization, as well as enzyme entrapment and encapsulation. Throughout, a careful review of materials and techniques for the generation of functional immobilized enzymes benefits both developers and users of carrier-bound enzymes.
A must for biotechnologists, biochemists and preparative chemists using enzymes in their daily work.

Volume 39, devoted solely to the vital research area on molybdenum and tungsten and their role in biology, offers a comprehensive and timely account of this fascinating topic by 40 distinguished international authorities. With more than 2200 references to assist further research, Molybdenum and Tungsten: Their Roles in Biological Processes is an essential resource for scientists and students in many disciplines, including bioinorganic, inorganic, and coordination chemistry; biochemistry; biophysics; molecular biology; enzymology; pharmacology; physiology; clinical chemistry; nutrition; toxicology; and environmental sciences.

Enzymes Conjugated to Graphene, Volume 609 in the Methods in Enzymology series, highlights new advances in the field, with this new volume presenting interesting chapters on Enzyme immobilization, Detection of Urea, Enzyme immobilization Enzyme immobilization, PAMAM dendrimer modified reduced graphene oxide post functionalized by horseradish peroxidase for biosensing H2O2, HRP immobilized for LEV detection, Enzyme immobilization, Graphene biocatalysts, Enzyme immobilization, Interactions, Enzyme immobilization, GQD, Enzyme Immobilization, and Enzyme immobilization on functionalized graphene oxide nanosheets.

Radical SAM Enzymes, Volume 606, the latest release in the Methods in Enzymology series, highlights new advances in the field, with this new volume presenting interesting chapters on the Characterization of the glycyl radical enzyme choline trimethylamine-lyase and its radical S-adenosylmethionine activating enzyme, Diphathimide biosynthesis, Radical SAM glycyl radical activating enzymes, Radical SAM enzyme BioB in the biosynthesis of biotin, Biogenesis of the PQQ cofactor, Role of MoaAC in the biogenesis of the molybdenum cofactor, Biosynthesis of the nitrogenase cofactor, Bioinformatics of the radical SAM superfamily, The involvement of SAM radical enzymes in the biosynthesis of methanogenic coenzymes, methanopterin and coenzyme F420, and more.

Contents:
1. Structure -function Relationships in Trichoderma Cellulolytic Enzymes A. Koivula, M. Linder and T. Teeri 2. Enzymology of Hermicellulose Degradation P. Biely and M. Tenkanen 3. Regulation of production of plant Polysacharide Degrading Enzymes by Trichoderma C. Kubicek and M. Penttila 4. Chitinolytic Enzymes and Their Genes M. Lorito 5. Glucanolytic and Other Enzymes and Their Genes T. Benitez, C. Limon, J. Delgado-Jarana and M. Rey 6. Trichoderma and Gliocladium in Biological Control: an Overview L. Hjeljord and A. Tronsmo 7. Mycoparasitism and Lytic Enzymes I. Chet, N. Benhamou and S.Haran 8. The Role of Antibiosis in Biocontrol C. Howell 9. Direct Effects of Trichoderma and Glicocladium on Plant Growth and Resistance to Pathogens B. Bailey and R. Lumsden 10. Industrial Production of Active Propagules of Trichoderma for Agricultural Uses E. Agosin and J. Aguilera 11. Potential and Existing Uses of Trichoderma for Agricultural Uses G. Harman and T. Bjorkman 12. Trichoderma as a Weed Mould or Pathogen in Mushroom Cultivation D. Seaby 13. Industrial Mutants and Recombinant Strains of Trichoderma reesei A. Mantyla, M. Paloheimo and P. Suominen 14. Application of Trichoderma Enzymes in the Textile Industry Y. Galante, A De Conti and R. Monteverdi 15. Application of Trichoderma Enzymes in the Food and Feed Industries Y. Galante, A De Conti and R. Monteverdi 16. Applications of Trichoderma reesei Enzymes in the Pulp and Paper Industry J. Buchert, T. Okansen, J. Pere, M. Siika-aho, A. Suurnakki and L. Viikari 17. Heterologous Protein Production in Trichoderma M. Penttila

Modern Methods in Carbohydrate Synthesis presents in one volume a sequence of chapters leading from classical methods through to today's newest state-of -the-art technology for oligosaccharide synthesis. It places particular emphasis on the most recent breakthroughs in the field, including emerging technologies for both oligosaccharide and glycoconjugate synthesis. Chapters describing the synthesis of increasingly important glycosidic linkage analogs, as well as the oligosaccharides containing derivatives and analogs of natural sugars are included. While chemical-synthetic methods constitute the major part of the book, completing the volume is a section on the rapidly expanding and important field of enzymatic synthesis, also covering combined chemical and enzymatic synthesis.
Chapters are written by leading experts in the field. Wherever possible, methods of synthesis are provided in sufficient detail to allow the reader to implement the techniques described. More than 1700 references are provided in the 21 chapters comprising the book. This volume should provide a wealth of information to a large number of synthetic organic chemists, medicinal chemists, protein chemists, biochemists, glycobiologists and cell biologists, including students in these fields.

Microbes are widely used in large-scale industrial processes due to their versatility, easy growing cultivation, kinetic potential, and the ability to generate metabolites with a wide range of potential applications to various commercial sectors, such as the food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries, in addition to the potential for agriculture, biomedical, and several others. Among the metabolites of greatest commercial interest, and many obtained on an industrial scale, the wide range of enzymes, biofuels, organic acids, amino acids, vitamins, biopolymers, and many other classes of metabolites. This book is intended for Bioengineers, Biologist, Biochemist, Biotechnologists, microbiologist, food technologist, enzymologist, and related Professionals/ researchers. Explores recent advances in the valorization of agri-food waste Provides technical concepts on the production of various bio-products of commercial interest Discusses the main process conditions to overcome the difficulties of using waste as alternative raw materials Introduces technical-economic details on the advantages and disadvantages of exploring the waste recovery chain Explores the main technological advances in the recovery of residues in functional products

Compiles the recent agricultural-biocatalysis research results by interdisciplinary teams from international institutes for chemistry, biochemistry, biotechnology, and materials and chemical engineering, Investigates important agricultural-biocatalytic topics related to biochemical conversions or bioremediation, modern biological and chemical applications Covers the research on plant and soil enzymes, herbicide tolerant traits, biochemical conversions, including aspects from bioremediation, plant viruses, and evaluation of the agricultural enzymes market.

In this first comprehensive resource to cover the application of single molecule techniques to biological measurements, the pioneers in the field show how to both set up and interpret a single molecule experiment.
Following an introduction to single molecule measurements and enzymology, the expert authors consider molecular motors and mechanical properties before moving on to the applications themselves. Detailed discussions of studies on protein enzymes, ribozymes and nucleic acids are also included.

Cover microbial enzymes with comprehensive and in-depth information Benefits students by describing recent advancements into microbial enzymology Provides updates regarding microbial enzymes for researchers and industrial scientists Includes findings on the microbial actions for better life

Based on results previously restricted for military use and inaccessible to the public, this practice-oriented handbook introduces the use of enzymes for fast and efficient decontamination of B/C weapons in various scenarios, including terrorist attacks. It draws on the internationally recognized technological leadership of the German armed forces, whose anti-B/C technology is among the most advanced worldwide. The text is rounded off with a look at future perspectives.

This book introduces the new concept of "nanozyme", which refers to nanomaterials with intrinsic enzymatic activity, rather than nanomaterials with biological enzymes incorporated on the surface. The book presents the cutting-edge advances in nanozyme, with emphasis on state-of-the-art applications in many important fields, such as in the biomedical fields and for environmental protection. The nanozyme is a totally new type of artificial enzyme and exhibits huge advantages over natural enzymes, including greater stability, low cost, versatility, simplicity, and suitability for industry. It is of interest to university researchers, R&D engineers, as well as graduate students in nanoscience and technology, and biology wishing to learn the core principles, methods, and the corresponding applications of "nanozyme".

This volume is an in-depth treatment of G-Protein Signaling, Part A, and will cover general methods of analysis of RGS protein analysis, including Expression and post-translational modification, Assays of GAP activity and allosteric control, Electrophysiological methods and RGS-insensitive Ga subunits, Mouse models of RGS protein action, Methods of RGS protein inhibition, and G-protein regulators of model organisms.
Table of Contents
-Expression and post-translational modification
-Assays of GAP activity and allosteric control
-Electrophysiological methods and RGS-insenstitive Ga subunits
-Mouse Models of RGS protein action
-Methods of RGS protein inhibition
-G-protein regulators of model organisms

This volume and its companion Volume 351 will supplement Volume 194 of MIE. The guides are specifically designed to meet the needs of graduate students and postdocs as well as researchers. Whether an established researcher or newcomer to the field, these volumes will contain all the up-to-date methods needed to study "Genes in Yeast." Procedures are included to enable newcomers to set up a yeast laboratory and to master basic manipulations. Relevant background and reference information will be given for proven procedures that can be used as a guide for developing protocols in a number of disciplines.

This book presents the state-of-the-art advances and applications of nanozymes, the recently developing branch of enzymology that synthesizes and uses nanomaterials that mimic the function of traditional enzymes. During the past decade, the study of nanozymes has grown rapidly. Several new nanomaterials that exhibit enzymatic actions have been identified, along with new applications for their practical use. This book draws upon the work of experts from around the world and provides an in-depth analysis and cutting-edge overview of nanozymes, with an eye toward their present and future applications. Chapters are arranged in a logical order to provide physio-chemical characterization of nanozyme and basic mechanisms of their enzymatic actions. Focusing on current limitations of nanozymes and their reaction kinetics, the book presents a comprehensive discourse on nanozyme engineering that includes possible surface modifications to enhance nanozyme effectiveness. It also focuses on traditional and novel nanozyme applications, such as biosensing, drug delivery, and disease therapy, as well as their use as antibacterials. An important addition in this book is the summary of emerging literature on nanozyme toxicology. This book is intended as a ready reference for advanced undergraduate and graduate students doing research in nanotechnology; materials science; chemistry; and chemical, biological, biomedical, and food engineering. Research and development scientists, engineers, and technologists working in the chemical and biological/biomedical industries will gain much from the materials in this book for their industry practice. Presents a comprehensive discourse on nanozyme engineering that includes possible surface modifications to enhance nanozyme effectiveness. Discusses metal organic frameworks as nanozymes. Reviews on traditional and novel nanozyme applications, such as biosensing, drug delivery, disease therapy, and their use as antibacterials. Examines nanozyme toxicology. Dr. Sundaram Gunasekaran is a Professor in the Department of Biological Systems Engineering at the University of Wisconsin-Madison.

New Techniques for Studying Biomembranes describes some of the latest methods used to investigate the dynamic distribution of specific lipids in membranes and their effects on other membrane components. The contributors present important discoveries with respect to lipid analysis and lipid interactions with membrane proteins. Various methods, which have been used to study lipid bilayer structure and lipid organization in membranes, include both in vitro and in vivo membrane systems, and study membrane proteins in various membrane systems. Key Features: Reviews both in vivo and in vitro analytical technologies and methods for studying membrane structure and function Explores how lipid bilayers and membrane proteins interact Includes contributions from an international team of researchers actively studying membrane structure and function Identifies various diseases whose causes are related to membrane proteins Related Titles: Christopher R. Jacobs, Hayden Huang, and Ronald Y. Kwon. Introduction to Cell Mechanics and Mechanobiology (ISBN 978-0-8153-4425-4) Wendell Lim and Bruce Mayer. Cell Signaling: Principles and Mechanisms (ISBN 978-0-8153-4244-1) Stephen Rothman. Proteins Crossing Membranes: A Scientist's Memoir (978-0-3670-7449-4)

In an intriguing series of experiments carried out many years ago, a common scientific belief, feted by no less than three Nobel prizes, was brought into question. The observations were about proteins-the molecules that the genetic code specifies and that are in one way or another central to all of life's activities. The experiments however were not about what proteins do, but how they are moved, in particular how they are moved from where they are made to where they act. The results of these studies conflicted with the standard view of how this happens, and thus became controversial. The standard view, the vesicle theory of protein secretion, envisions proteins being carried within and out of cells en masse in membrane-bound sacs or vesicles. The controversial experiments demonstrated that to the contrary individual protein molecules cross the relevant membranes as a result of their own motion. This was thought to be impossible at the time. Proteins Crossing Membranes is a personal narrative that tells the story of the controversy. Among other things, the author illustrates that scientists, like the rest of us, can rigidly hold onto their beliefs despite evidence that they are misguided. Key Features Reviews the data in support and critical of the vesicle theory of protein secretion Explores the ways scientists respond to evidence that challenges a favored theory Documents the author's personal experiences in this conflict-laden situation

New Techniques for Studying Biomembranes describes some of the latest methods used to investigate the dynamic distribution of specific lipids in membranes and their effects on other membrane components. The contributors present important discoveries with respect to lipid analysis and lipid interactions with membrane proteins. Various methods, which have been used to study lipid bilayer structure and lipid organization in membranes, include both in vitro and in vivo membrane systems, and study membrane proteins in various membrane systems. Key Features: Reviews both in vivo and in vitro analytical technologies and methods for studying membrane structure and function Explores how lipid bilayers and membrane proteins interact Includes contributions from an international team of researchers actively studying membrane structure and function Identifies various diseases whose causes are related to membrane proteins Related Titles: Christopher R. Jacobs, Hayden Huang, and Ronald Y. Kwon. Introduction to Cell Mechanics and Mechanobiology (ISBN 978-0-8153-4425-4) Wendell Lim and Bruce Mayer. Cell Signaling: Principles and Mechanisms (ISBN 978-0-8153-4244-1) Stephen Rothman. Proteins Crossing Membranes: A Scientist's Memoir (978-0-3670-7449-4)

Understanding Enzymes: Function, Design, Engineering, and Analysis focuses on the understanding of enzyme function and optimization gained in the past decade, past enzyme function analysis, enzyme engineering, and growing insights from the simulation work and nanotechnology measurement of enzymes in action in vitro or in silico. The book also presents new insights into the mechanistic function and understanding of enzyme reactions, as well as touching upon structural characteristics, including X-ray and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) structural methods. A major focus of the book is enzyme molecules' dependency on dynamic and biophysical environmental impacts on their function in ensembles as well as single molecules. A wide range of readers, including academics, professionals, PhD and master's students, industry experts, and chemists, will immensely benefit from this exclusive book.

For a long time, enzymes have been studied by measuring their activity, which has led to the advancement of "enzyme kinetics." In recent years, the mechanism of enzyme reaction has been explained in detail on the basis of the 3D structure. Genetic engineering and the 3D structural analysis of enzymes contribute to these advancements in enzymology. This book starts with an introduction to various enzymes to show how interesting enzymes are, which is followed by historical kinetic studies on enzymes and the overall and rapid-reaction kinetics. The subsequent topics describe the basics of protein structure, the control of enzyme activity, and the purification of enzymes. A case on the kinetic and structural studies of l-phenylalanine oxidase is also presented. There are many good books on enzyme kinetics, but few describe their kinetic and structural aspects. This book deals with both and contains many references that can be good sources for further reading. It is handy and is especially helpful for beginners. A number of figures, including some with stereo expression, facilitate observing the 3D structure of enzymes.