The objective of the Springer Handbook of Enzymes is to provide in concise form data on enzymes that have been sufficiently well characterized. Data sheets are arranged in their EC-Number sequence. Usually each volume comprises one enzyme class, although sometimes the enzyme classes have to be divided into several volumes. Considerable progress has been made in enzymology since the publication of the first edition (published as "Enzyme Handbook"), and now many enzymes are newly classified or reclassified. In the 2nd edition each entry is correlated with references and one or more source organisms. New datafields are created, e.g., "application" and "engineering" (for the properties of enzymes where the sequence has been changed). Altogether the amount of data has doubled so that the 2nd edition will consist of approximately 25 volumes. This collection is an indispensable source of information for biochemists, biotechologists, organic and analytical chemists, and food scientist.

For most of industrial applications, enzymes and cells have to be immobilized, via very simple and cost-effective protocols, in order to be re-used for very long periods of time. From this point of view, immobilization, simplicity and stabilization have to be strongly related concepts. The third edition of Immobilization of Enzymes and Cells expands upon and updates the previous editions with current, detailed protocols for immobilization. With new chapters on protocols for immobilization of enzymes and cells which may be useful to greatly improve the functional properties of enzymes and cells. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and key tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, Immobilization of Enzymes and Cells, Third Edition demonstrates simple and efficient protocols for the preparation, characterization, and utilization of immobilized enzymes and cells.

This text examines in detail mathematical and physical modeling, computational methods and systems for obtaining and analyzing biological structures, using pioneering research cases as examples. As such, it emphasizes programming and problem-solving skills. It provides information on structure bioinformatics at various levels, with individual chapters covering introductory to advanced aspects, from fundamental methods and guidelines on acquiring and analyzing genomics and proteomics sequences, the structures of protein, DNA and RNA, to the basics of physical simulations and methods for conformation searches. This book will be of immense value to researchers and students in the fields of bioinformatics, computational biology and chemistry. Dr. Dongqing Wei is a Professor at the Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China. His research interest is in the general area of structural bioinformatics.

The critically acclaimed laboratory standard for more than forty years, Methods in Enzymology is one of the most highly respected publications in the field of biochemistry. Since 1955, each volume has been eagerly awaited, frequently consulted, and praised by researchers and reviewers alike. More than 285 volumes have been published (all of them still in print) and much of the material is relevant even today-truly an essential publication for researchersin all fields of life sciences.
Key Features
* Prokaryotic ABC Transporters
* Eukaryotic ABC Transporters
* Nonmammalian ABC Transport Systems
* Mammalian P-Glycoproteins
* Multidrug Resistance Associated Protein
* Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator
* Sulfonylurea Receptor
* Intracellular ABC Transporters

The chapters in this book thoroughly cover the structure, regulation, and function of matrix metalloproteinases, and provide information on the latest strategies to inhibit enzyme activity. This work will be an indispensable reference tool for investigators with an interest in extracellular matrix biology, matrix turnover, enzymology and biochemistry of proteinases, developmental biology, pathology, and therapeutic interventions.
Key Features
* Provides state-of-the-art information on a field with broad implications to many areas of biology
* Includes detailed coverage of the structure and regulation of all major matrix metalloproteinases
* Chapters focus on a timely and expanding field
* Topics have direct relevance to understanding human disease pathology of cancer, arthritis, and vascular disease
* Discusses latest strategies used in the development of new therapeutics to inhibit metalloproteinase activity

This book was written with the purpose of providing a sound basis for the design of enzymatic reactions based on kinetic principles, but also to give an updated vision of the potentials and limitations of biocatalysis, especially with respect to recent app- cations in processes of organic synthesis. The ?rst ?ve chapters are structured in the form of a textbook, going from the basic principles of enzyme structure and fu- tion to reactor design for homogeneous systems with soluble enzymes and hete- geneous systems with immobilized enzymes. The last chapter of the book is divided into six sections that represent illustrative case studies of biocatalytic processes of industrial relevance or potential, written by experts in the respective ?elds. We sincerely hope that this book will represent an element in the toolbox of gr- uate students in applied biology and chemical and biochemical engineering and also of undergraduate students with formal training in organic chemistry, biochemistry, thermodynamics and chemical reaction kinetics. Beyond that, the book pretends also to illustrate the potential of biocatalytic processes with case studies in the ?eld of organic synthesis, which we hope will be of interest for the academia and prof- sionals involved in R&D&I. If some of our young readers are encouraged to engage or persevere in their work in biocatalysis this will certainly be our more precious reward.

This book introduces readers to industrially important enzymes and discusses in detail their structures and functions, as well as their manifold applications. Due to their selective biocatalytic capabilities, enzymes are used in a broad range of industries and processes. The book highlights selected enzymes and their applications in agriculture, food processing and discoloration, as well as their role in biomedicine. In turn, it discusses biochemical engineering strategies such as enzyme immobilization, metabolic engineering, and cross-linkage of enzyme aggregates, and critically weighs their pros and cons. Offering a wealth of information, and stimulating further research by presenting new concepts on enzymatic catalytic functions in basic and applied contexts, the book represents a valuable asset for researchers from academia and industry who are engaged in biochemical engineering, microbiology and biotechnology.

In this thesis, Xiaoshi Wang investigates the function and mechanism of a newly discovered heme-thiolate peroxygenase, AaeAPO. This enzyme class comes from Agrocybe aegerita and is used in the conversion of inert hydrocarbons to alcohols. Xiaoshi's work focuses on an extracellular P450 enzyme which is not limited in its stability and lack of solubility and therefore is relevant for widespread industrial use. The author demonstrates that the peroxygenase catalyzes a wide range of reactions. In some cases the author even describes very difficult transformations in molecules that are highly inert. Her detailed investigations provide a mechanistic framework for how the peroxygenase catalyzes such a large number of reactions. A major highlight of this thesis is the identification of key short-lived intermediates in the catalytic cycle of the peroxygenase, using rapid kinetic and spectroscopic methods, as well as the elucidation of the thermodynamic properties of these high-energy intermediates. This work adds new insight into an important class of enzymes.

K.N. Houk, D.J. Tantillo, C. Stanton, Y. Hu: What Has Theory and Crystallography Revealed About the Mechanism of Catalysis by Orotidine Monophosphate Decarboxylase?N. Wu, E.F. Pai: Crystallographic Studies of Native and Mutant Orotidine 5'Phosphate Decarboxylases; B.G.

This book is the proceedings of the 7th International Summer School on Biophysics: Supramolecular Structure and Function, held September 14-26, 2000, in Rovinj, Croatia. An enormous amount of new knowledge on the molecular basis of biological phenomena has emerged in the rapidly expanding field of biophysics. The principles and methods of modern biophysics now provide a strong foundation for all of the biosciences, and serve as a rational common language for scientists from various disciplines. The series of books on Supramolecular Structure and Function was inspired by the International Summer School on Biophysics, established under the sponsorship of IUPAB, UNESCO, and ICGEB, held in Rovinj, in 2001, and follows the successful interdisciplinary approach. This volume covers some powerful methods, such as analytical centrifugation, mass spectrometry, fluorescence spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, electron spin resonance and nuclear magnetic resonance, for the study of complex biological structures, and discusses useful physical concepts as applied to biological and biochemical systems. Case-orientated studies concentrating on particular methodologies are presented and examples are given, addressing some of the most important aspects of structure-function relationship in biological assemblies. Biophysics nowadays collaborates closely with molecular biology and bioinformatics as well as with neurosciences, and this is also demonstrated in this book. The book should be of interest both to experienced researchers wishing to widen their insight into molecular structure and function, and to younger scientists at the doctoral and postdoctoral level interested in the molecular nature offundamental biological entities and phenomena.

In this volume we have included some contributions among the plenary lectures, oral presentations and posters that have been presented at the 1st Joint Greek-Italian Meeting on "The Chemistry of Biological systems and Molecular Chemical Engineering" organized at Loutraki, Club Poseidon, Greece 1990. We hope similar meetings will follow every two years alternating between the two countries in order to strengthen the scientific ties among the scientists working in this field. The inter- disciplary aspect of the meeting has been evident by the wide presence of scientists in bioinorganic, bio-organic, biological fields and molecular engineers who will get together and exchange ideas and experiences. We take this opportunity to thank the Greek Chemical Society, the Italian Chemical Society, the "Gruppo Interdivisionale di Chimica dei Sistemi e dei Processi Biologici", Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Nuclear Research Center "Demokritos" and the Greek Ministry for Research and Technology. ENRICO RIZZARELLI THEOPHILE THEOPHANIDES CONTRIBUTORS Numbers in parentheses indicate the pages on which the author's contributions begin Mojgan Aghazode Tabrizi, Department of Pharmaceutical Science, via Scandiana 21, University of Ferrara, 44100 Ferrara, ITALY (119) Maria Albano, Department of Chemistry, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, 87030 Cosenza ITALY (23) Rossano Amadelli, Photochemical Center of C. N. R. , Department of Chemistry, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, 44100 Ferrara, ITALY (103) Amalia Anagnostopoulou-Konsta, Department of Physics, National Technical University, 57 73 Athens, GREECE (45) Jane D.

This text concerns the computer-based design and modelling, computational approaches and instrumental methods for elucidating molecular mechanisms of protein folding. Ligand-acceptor interactions are included in volumes 202 and 203 as are genetic and chemical methods for the production of functional molecules including antibodies and antigens, enzymes, receptors, nucleic acids and polysaccharides and drugs.

This volume, as does Volume 176, provides a general background of modern NMR techniques, with a specific focus on NMR techniques that pertain to proteins and enzymology, and a "snapshot" of the current state-of-the-art in NMR experimental techniques. These books enable the reader to understand a given technique, to evaluate its strengths and limitations, to decide which is the best approach, and, finally, to design an experiment using the chosen technique to solve a problem.

Carbonic anhydrase (CA) is a seemingly ubiquitous enzyme of profound physiological importance, which plays essential roles in respiration, acid-base homeostasis, bone resorption, calcification, photosynthesis, several biosynthetic pathways and a variety of processes involving ion, gas and fluid transfer. This enzyme, which is present in at least three gene families (a, ss, ?), has found favour as a model for the study of evolution of gene families and for site-directed mutagenesis in structure/function relationships, for protein folding and for transgenic and gene target studies. Since the early use of CA inhibitors as diuretics and in treating congestive heart failure, the enzyme has been target of considerable clinical attention. Much of this is now focused on endeavours to produce a new generation of such drugs for the effective treatment of glaucoma and other potential applications. Recent data, suggesting links between CA and various disease processes, including cancer, have stimulated further...

Springer Handbook of Enzymes provides data on enzymes sufficiently well characterized. It offers concise and complete descriptions of some 5,000 enzymes and their application areas. Data sheets are arranged in their EC-Number sequence and the volumes themselves are arranged according to enzyme classes. This new, second edition reflects considerable progress in enzymology: many enzymes are newly classified or reclassified. Each entry is correlated with references and one or more source organisms. New datafields are created: application and engineering (for the properties of enzymes where the sequence has been changed). The total amount of material contained in the Handbook has more than doubled so that the complete second edition consists of 39 volumes as well as a Synonym Index. In addition, starting in 2009, all newly classified enzymes are treated in Supplement Volumes. Springer Handbook of Enzymes is an ideal source of information for researchers in biochemistry, biotechnology, organic and analytical chemistry, and food sciences, as well as for medicinal applications.

This book provides an up-to-date and comprehensive overview of protein phosphatase research, a rapidly evolving field with increasing importance in our understanding of the molecular basis of cell biology and of pathological processes.

The book covers dephosphorylation processes involving serine/threonine, as well as tyrosine and histidine residues, and aims to be a useful resource for both the advanced reader as well as the newcomer to the field. It is also valuable for those working in the pharmaceutical and Biotech industries.

This book presents specific key natural and artificial systems that are promising biocatalysts in the areas of health, agriculture, environment and energy. It provides a comprehensive account of the state of the art of these systems and outlines the significant progress made in the last decade using these systems to develop innovative, sustainable and environmentally friendly solutions. Chapters from expert contributors explore how natural enzymes and artificial systems tackle specific targets such as: climate change, carbon footprint and economy and carbon dioxide utilisation; nitrogen footprint and fixation and nitrous oxide mitigation; hydrogen production, fuel cells and energy from bacteria; biomass transformation and production of added-value compounds, as well as biosensors development. This book provides an important and inspiring account for the designing of new natural and artificial systems with enhanced properties, and it appeals not only to students and researchers working in the fields of energy, health, food and environment, but also to a wider audience of educated readers that are interested in these up-to-date and exciting subjects.Chapter "Carbon Dioxide Utilisation-The Formate Route" is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.

The critically acclaimed laboratory standard, Methods in Enzymology, is one of the most highly respected publications in the field of biochemistry. Since 1955, each volume has been eagerly awaited, frequently consulted, and praised by researchers and reviewers alike. The series contains much material still relevant today - truly an essential publication for researchers in all fields of life sciences.

When marketing managers and financial managers join forces within any business, the result can often be poor communication on financial criteria and goals. The risk of this situation occurring is inevitably present when those with different professional backgrounds and roles are working in accordance with their own norms. In his seminal 1956 paper on general systems theory, the economist Kenneth Boulding referred to the phenomenon of "specialised ears and generalised deafness", which can be seen to exist when marketing managers are financially illiterate or when financial managers lack the necessary insights to design, implement and operate accounting systems which are useful to marketing managers in carrying out their roles. It is increasingly difficult to attach credence to the idea of marketing managers who lack financial skills, or financial managers who fail to relate to the context in which marketing managers operate. Understanding the marketing/accounting interface is therefore important in generating emergent properties from the interaction of marketers and accountants whereby the whole is greater than the sum of the parts. The chapters in this volume seek to address this challenge. This book was originally published as a special issue of the Journal of Marketing Management.

The critically acclaimed laboratory standard, Methods in Enzymology, is one of the most highly respected publications in the field of biochemistry. Since 1955, each volume has been eagerly awaited, frequently consulted, and praised by researchers and reviewers alike. The series contains much material still relevant today - truly an essential publication for researchers in all fields of life sciences.

In recent years, a number of groundbreaking structural and mechanistic studies deepened our understanding of helicase mechanisms and established new approaches for their analyses. Many fundamental mechanistic questions ranging from the mechanism of force generation, mechanochemical coupling to distinct mechanisms by which the same enzyme translocates on DNA removing obstacles, unwinds DNA and/or remodels nucleoprotein complexes, however, remain to be answered. It is even less understood how the helicase motors are incorporated into a wide range of genome maintenance and repair machines. The field has reached a stage when the studies of molecular mechanisms and basic biology of helicases can and shall be integrated with the studies of development, cancer and longevity. The objective of this book is to provide the first systematic overview of structure, function and regulation of DNA helicases and related molecular motors. By integrating the knowledge obtained through the diverse technical approaches ranging from single-molecule biophysics to cellular and molecular biological studies the editors aim to provide a unified view on how helicases function in the cell, are regulated in response to different cellular stresses and are integrated into large macromolecular assemblies to form a complex and adaptive living system.

1 Aspartate Transcarbamylase.- 2 Molecular Genetics: Regulation of Aspartate Transcarbamylase Biosynthesis.- 3 Purification of Aspartate Transcarbamylase and Its Subunits.- 4 Structural and Physicochemical Study of Aspartate Transcarbamylase.- 5 Enzymatic Catalysis and Regulation.- 6 Complementary Experiments.- 1. Equations and Units.- 2. Molar Mass and Molecular Mass.- 3. Units of Catalytic Activity.- 4. Units of Radioactivity.- 5. Units of Quantity.- 7. Calculation of Acceleration.- 8. Bacterial Strains.- 9. Solutions and Reagents.- 9.1. 0.8-M Tris-Acetate Buffer, pH 8.- 9.2. 0.2-M Acetic Acid.- 9.6. Elution Buffer for Chromatography: 10 x Stock Solution.- 9.7. 100-mM Aspartate, pH 8.- 9.8. 10-mM Carbamylaspartate, pH 8.- 9.9. 1-M Phosphate Buffer, pH 7.2.- 9.10. Buffer for Dilution of E.- 9.11. Buffer for Dilution of C.- 9.12. Buffer for Dilution of R and Recombination.- 9.13. 200-mM Cacodylate Buffer, pH 6, 7, and 7.5.- 9.14. 200-mM Tris-Acetate Buffer, pH 8 and 9.- 9.15. 200-mM Glycine Buffer, pH 10.- 9.16. 400-mM Succinate, pH 7.- 9.17. Reaction Medium: 20-mM CAP-200-mM Tris-Acetate, pH 8.- 10. Preparation of Standard Protein Mixtures for Column Calibration.- Answers To Questions.- References.

A collection of cutting-edge techniques for studying ubiquitin-dependent protein degradation via the proteasome. The topics covered range broadly from basic biochemistry to cellular assays to discovery techniques using mass spectrometric analysis. These biochemical and cellular methods are necessary to explore the ubiquitin-proteasome system and ubiquitin-proteasome-dependent functions. State-of-the-art and user-friendly, Ubiquitin-Proteasome Protocols offers novice and experienced bench scientists alike a thorough compendium of readily reproducible techniques that will accelerate discovery, enhance productivity, and permit manipulation of the system for varied research purposes.

The ADAM Family of Proteases provides the first comprehensive review of the roles of ADAMs and the related ADAMTS proteases in biology and disease. Although a few members of the ADAM (a disintegrin and metalloprotease) family have been known for some time, it is only in recent years through advances in genome sequencing that the large size of this family of zinc metalloproteases has become apparent. These proteins have multiple domains including a protease domain and a disintegrin domain. A branch of the family, called ADAMTS, also have thrombospondin-like motifs. The role of ADAMs and ADAMTS members in a diversity of biological processes is gradually coming to light. For example, some ADAMs have critical roles in the ectodomain shedding of membrane proteins including tumour necrosis factor-a, the cell signalling molecule Notch and the Alzheimer 's amyloid precursor protein. Other ADAM and ADAMTS family members have key roles to play in sperm function and fertility, collagen processing, development, cardiac hypertrophy and arthritis.