This new volume of "Methods in Enzymology" continues the legacy of this premier serial by containing quality chapters authored by leaders in the field. The volume covers nucleosomes, histones and chromatin and has chapters on dynamic mapping of histone-DNA interactions in nucleosomes by unzipping single molecules of DNA, digital DNase technology, and genome-wide analysis of chromatin transition.
Contains quality chapters authored by leaders in the fieldThe volume covers nucleosomes, histones and chromatinHas chapters on dynamic mapping of histone-DNA interactions in nucleosomes by unzipping single molecules of DNA, digital DNase technology, and genome-wide analysis of chromatin transition

This new volume of "Methods in Enzymology" continues the legacy of this premier serial by containing quality chapters authored by leaders in the field. The first of 2 volumes covering nucleosomes, histones and chromatin, it has chapters on methods applied to the study of protein arginine methylation, high-resolution identification of intra- and interchromosomal DNA interactions by 4C technology, and peptide arrays to interrogate the binding specificity of chromatin-binding proteins.
Continues the legacy of this premier serial by containing quality chapters authored by leaders in the field The first of 2 volumes covering nucleosomes, histones and chromatin Chapters on methods applied to the study of protein arginine methylation, high-resolution identification of intra- and interchromosomal DNA interactions by 4C technology, and peptide arrays to interrogate the binding specificity of chromatin-binding proteins

Cellulase refers to a class of enzymes produced chiefly by fungi, bacteria, and protozoans that catalyze cellulolysis. This volume of "Methods in Enzymology "comprehensively covers this topic. With an international board of authors, this volume covers subjects such as"The DNSA reducing assay for measuring cellulases," "Measuring processivity" and "In situ cellulose detection with carbohydrate-binding modules."
Comprehensively covers the topic of cellulasesInternational board of authors"

This volume of Methods in Enzymology is thesecond of 3 parts looking at current methodology for the imaging and spectroscopic analysis of live cells. The chapters provide hints and tricks not available in primary research publications. It is an invaluable resource for academics, researchers and students alike.
Expert authors who are leaders in the fieldExtensively referenced and useful figures and tablesProvides hints and tricks to facilitate reproduction of methods"

This volume of Methods in Enzymology looks at Protein Engineering for Therapeutics. The chapters providean invaluable resource for academics, researchers and students alike. With an international board of authors, this volume is split into sections that cover subjects such asPeptides, and Scaffolds
Chapters providean invaluable resource for academics, researchers and students alike Iinternational board of authorsThis volume is split into sections that cover subjects such aspeptides, and scaffolds"

This volume of Methods in Enzymology looks at Protein Engineering for Therapeutics. The chapters providean invaluable resource for academics, researchers and students alike. With an international board of authors, this volume is split into sections that cover subjects such as Antibodies, Protein conjugates, Peptides, Enzymes and Scaffolds
Chapters providean invaluable resource for academics, researchers and students alike. Iinternational board of authors. This volume is split into sections that cover subjects such as Antibodies, Protein conjugates, Peptides, Enzymes and Scaffolds"

Serpins are a group of proteins with similar structures that were first identified as a set of proteins able to inhibit proteases. This volume in the "Methods in Enzymology" series comprehensively covers this topic. With an international board of authors, this volume covers subjects such asCrystallography of serpins and serpin complexes, Serpins as hormone transporters, and Production of serpins using cell free systems.

This volume in the "Methods in Enzymology" series comprehensively covers the topic of serpins

With an international board of authors, this volume covers subjects such asCrystallography of serpins and serpin complexes, Serpins as hormone transporters, and Production of serpins using cell free systems"

Few problems in protein biochemistry have proven to be as challenging and recalcitrant as the molecular description of nitrogenase, the catalyst of one of the most remarkable chemical transformations in biological systems: the nucleotide-dependent reduction of atmospheric dinitrogen to bioavailable ammonia. In "Nitrogen Fixation: Methods and Protocols," recognized experts in the field provide an up-to-date, in-depth overview of the methods that have been applied to studying the nitrogenase at a molecular level, ranging from genetic, biochemical, spectroscopic, and chemical methods to theoretical calculations. In addition, techniques used to study an enzyme system that is homologous to nitrogenase are described in this book. Written in the highly successful "Methods in Molecular Biology " series format, methods chapters include introductions to their respective chapters, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls.

Practical and cutting-edge, "Nitrogen Fixation: Methods and Protocols" will be useful for anyone interested in nitrogenase research and willing to venture further toward addressing the remaining mechanistic and biosynthetic questions of this fascinating enzyme system."

Yeasts are a versatile group of eukaryotic microorganisms, exhibiting heterogeneous nutritional profiles and an extraordinary ability to survive in a wide range of natural and man-associated ecosystems, including cold habitats. Cold-adapted yeasts inhabit numerous low-temperature environments where they are subjected to seasonal or permanent cold conditions. Hence, they have evolved a number of adaptation strategies with regard to growth and reproduction, metabolic activities, survival and protection. Due to their distinctive ability to thrive successfully at low and even subzero temperatures, cold-adapted yeasts are increasingly attracting attention in basic science and industry for their enormous biotechnological potential.

This book presents our current understanding of the diversity and ecology of cold-adapted yeasts in worldwide cold ecosystems, their adaptation strategies, and their biotechnological significance. Special emphasis is placed on the exploitation of cold-adapted yeasts as a source of cold-active enzymes and biopolymers, as well as their benefits for food microbiology, bioremediation and biocontrol. Further, aspects of food biodeterioration are considered.

Proteases occur naturally in all organisms. They are enzymes that are involved in many physiological reactions such as digestion of food and blood clotting. This volume reviews their role in health and disease and presents the latest research and developments.

* Discusses new discoveries, approaches, and ideas * Contributions from leading scholars and industry experts * Reference guide for researchers involved in molecular biology and related fields

The combination of faster, more advanced computers and more quantitatively oriented biomedical researchers has recently yielded new and more precise methods for the analysis of biomedical data. These better analyses have enhanced the conclusions that can be drawn from biomedical data, and they have changed the way that experiments are designed and performed. This volume, along with the 2 previous "Computer Methods" volumes for the "Methods in Enzymology" serial, aims to inform biomedical researchers about recent applications of modern data analysis and simulation methods as applied to biomedical research.

* Presents step-by-step computer methods and discusses the techniques in detail to enable their implementation in solving a wide range of problems * Informs biomedical researchers of the modern data analysis methods that have developed alongside computer hardware *Presents methods at the "nuts and bolts" level to identify and resolve a problem and analyze what the results mean

State-of-the-art update on methods and protocols dealing with the detection, isolation and characterization of macromolecules and their hosting organisms that facilitate nitrification and related processes in the nitrogen cycle as well as the challenges of doing so in very diverse environments.

Provides state-of-the-art update on methods and protocols Deals with the detection, isolation and characterization of macromolecules and their hosting organisms deals with the challenges of very diverse environments.

This volume of "The Enzymes" features high-caliber thematic articles on the topic of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchoring of proteins.
* Contributions from leading authorities
* Informs and updates on all the latest developments in the field

Far more than a comprehensive treatise on initial-rate and fast-reaction kinetics, this one-of-a-kind desk reference places enzyme science in the fuller context of the organic, inorganic, and physical chemical processes occurring within enzyme active sites. Drawing on 2600 references, Enzyme Kinetics: Catalysis & Control develops all the kinetic tools needed to define enzyme catalysis, spanning the entire spectrum (from the basics of chemical kinetics and practical advice on rate measurement, to the very latest work on single-molecule kinetics and mechanoenzyme force generation), while also focusing on the persuasive power of kinetic isotope effects, the design of high-potency drugs, and the behavior of regulatory enzymes.

- Historical analysis of kinetic principles including advanced enzyme science

- Provides both theoretical and practical measurements tools

- Coverage of single molecular kinetics

- Examination of force generation mechanisms

- Discussion of organic and inorganic enzyme reactions

Multicellular organisms must be able to adapt to cellular events to accommodate prevailing conditions. Sensory-response circuits operate by making use of a phosphorylation control mechanism known as the "two-component system." This volume, the third in a three-volume treatment edited by the same group of editors, includes a wide range of methods, including those dealing with the Sln-1 kinase pathway, triazole sensitivity in "C. albicans," and histidine kinases in cyanobacteria circadian clock.

* Includes time-tested core methods and new innovations applicable to any researcher studing two-component signaling systemsor histidine kinases * Methods included are useful to both established researchers and newcomers to the field * Relevant background and reference information given for procedures can be used as a guide to developing protocols in a number of disciplines"

Kinetic studies of enzyme action provide powerful insights into the underlying mechanisms of catalysis and regulation. These approaches are equally useful in examining the action of newly discovered enzymes and therapeutic agents.
Contemporary Enzyme Kinetics and Mechanism, Second Edition presents key articles from Volumes 63, 64, 87, 249, 308 and 354of Methods in Enzymology. The chapters describe the most essential and widely applied strategies. A set of exercises and problems is included to facilitate mastery of these topics.
The book will aid the reader to design, execute, and analyze kinetic experiments on enzymes. Its emphasis on enzyme inhibition will also make it attractive to pharmacologists and pharmaceutical chemists interested in rational drug design.
Of the seventeen chapters presented in this new edition, ten did not previously appear in the first edition.
Key Features
* Transient kinetic approaches to enzyme mechanisms
* Designing initial rate enzyme assay
* Deriving initial velocity and isotope exchange rate equations
* Plotting and statistical methods for analyzing rate data
* Cooperativity in enzyme function
* Reversible enzyme inhibitors as mechanistic probes
* Transition-state and multisubstrate inhibitors
* Affinity labeling to probe enzyme structure and function
* Mechanism-based enzyme inactivators
* Isotope exchange methods for elucidating enzymatic catalysis
* Kinetic isotope effects in enzyme catalysis
* Site-directed mutagenesis in studies of enzyme catalysis"

This volume of "The Enzymes" features high-caliber thematic articles on the topic of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchoring of proteins.
* Contributions from leading authorities
* Informs and updates on all the latest developments in the field

Microbial natural products have been an important traditional source of valuable antibiotics and other drugs but interest in them waned in the 1990s when big pharma decided that their discovery was no longer cost-effective and concentrated instead on synthetic chemistry as a source of novel compounds, often with disappointing results. Moreover understanding the biosynthesis of complex natural products was frustratingly difficult. With the development of molecular genetic methods to isolate and manipulate the complex microbial enzymes that make natural products, unexpected chemistry has been revealed and interest in the compounds has again flowered. This two-volume treatment of the subject will showcase the most important chemical classes of complex natural products: the peptides, made by the assembly of short chains of amino acid subunits, and the polyketides, assembled from the joining of small carboxylic acids such as acetate and malonate. In both classes, variation in sub-unit structure, number and chemical modification leads to an almost infinite variety of final structures, accounting for the huge importance of the compounds in nature and medicine.
* Gathers tried and tested methods and techniques from top players in the field.
* In depth coverage of ribosomally-synthesised and Non-ribosomally-synthesised peptides.
* Provides an extremely useful reference for the experienced research scientist.

Microbial natural products have been an important traditional source of valuable antibiotics and other drugs but interest in them waned in the 1990s when big pharma decided that their discovery was no longer cost-effective and concentrated instead on synthetic chemistry as a source of novel compounds, often with disappointing results. Moreover understanding the biosynthesis of complex natural products was frustratingly difficult. With the development of molecular genetic methods to isolate and manipulate the complex microbial enzymes that make natural products, unexpected chemistry has been revealed and interest in the compounds has again flowered. This two-volume treatment of the subject will showcase the most important chemical classes of complex natural products: the peptides, made by the assembly of short chains of amino acid subunits, and the polyketides, assembled from the joining of small carboxylic acids such as acetate and malonate. In both classes, variation in sub-unit structure, number and chemical modification leads to an almost infinite variety of final structures, accounting for the huge importance of the compounds in nature and medicine.
* Gathers tried and tested methods and techniques from top players in the field.
* Provides an extremely useful reference for the experienced research scientist.
* Covers biosynthesis of Polyketides, Tarpenoids, Aminocoumarins and Crabohydrates

Homing Endonucleases: Methods and Protocols aims at providing molecular biologists with a comprehensive resource to identify and characterize homing endonucleases from genomic sequence, to deduce the biological basis of binding and cleavage specificity, as well as to provide protocols to redesign endonuclease target specificity for genome-editing applications. Engineering of designer homing endonucleases has set the stage for genome editing of complex eukaryotic genomes with a broad range of potential applications including targeted gene knockouts in model organisms and gene therapy in humans, making this book a valuable resource for future research. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, Homing Endonucleases: Methods and Protocols serves as a key reference for all labs studying site-specific DNA endonucleases.

Ribonucleases are a ubiquitous and functionally diverse group of enzymes that have a common ability to cleave RNA. Either through scission of internal phosphodiesters, or removal of nucleotides from RNA 5' or 3' ends, ribonucleases perform essential roles in gene expression and regulation, genome replication and maintenance, host defense, stress response, and viral strategies of infection. Ribonucleases have also served as highly informative models to understand virtually every aspect of biomolecular structure and function. The fifteen chapters in this volume are written by recognized researchers in the field, and provide in-depth analyses of the major ribonuclease families. Particular focus is given to the relation of ribonuclease structure and mechanism to biological function, as well as ribonuclease dysfunction in certain disease states. Other topics include the evolutionary genetics and functional diversification of ribonucleases, engineered ribonucleases as anti-cancer agents, the mechanisms of action of artificial ribonucleases, and ribonucleases as models to understand protein folding and stability. This volume should serve as an essential reference for a broad range of researchers and educators with interests in RNA metabolism, enzymology, and gene regulation.

The critically acclaimed laboratory standard for more than 40 years, "Methods in Enzymology" is one of the most highly respected publications in the field of biochemistry. Since 1955, each volume has been eagerly awaited, frequently consulted, and praised by researchers and reviewers alike. Now with over 400 volumes (all of them still in print), the series contains much material still relevant today-truly an essential publication for researchers in all fields of life sciences.

"Methods in Enzymology" is now available online at ScienceDirect - full-text online of volume 1 onward. For more information about the Elsevier Book Series on ScienceDirect Program, please visit:
http: //www.info.sciencedirect.com/bookseries/
This volume is the second of two planned volumes on the topic of small GTPases and their role in disease.

The objective of the "Springer Handbook of Enzymes" is to provide in concise form data on enzymes sufficiently well characterized. Data sheets are arranged in their EC-Number sequence. The volumes are arranged according to enzyme classes. Considerable progress has been made in enzymology since the publication of the first edition (published as "Enzyme Handbook"): many enzymes are newly classified or reclassified. In the 2nd edition each entry is correlated with references and one or more source organisms. New datafields are created: "application" and "engineering" (for the properties of enzymes where the sequence has been changed). Altogether the amount of data has doubled so that the 2nd edition consists of 39 volumes plus synonym index. All newly classified enzymes are treated in the supplement volumes. This collection is an indispensable source of information for researchers in biochemistry, biotechnology, organic and analytical chemistry, and food sciences, as well as for medicinal applications.

The supplement volumes contain all newly classified enzymes - about 100-150 per year.

Phospholipases generate lipid signaling molecules through their hydrolytic action on phospholipids and are known to regulate function of a variety of cells under normal and diseased conditions. While several physiological, biochemical and molecular techniques have identified key players involved in different disease processes, phospholipases have also emerged as critical players in the pathogenesis of a number of different diseases including cancer and heart disease. In addition, phospholipases are also implicated in such conditions as brain disorder/injury, kidney and immune cell dysfunction. Phospholipases in Health and Disease is a compilation of review articles dedicated to the study of the field with respect to biochemical and molecular mechanisms of normal and abnormal cell function. The wide range of area covered here is of interest to basic research scientists, clinicians and graduate students, who are engaged in studying pathophysiological basis of a variety of diseases. Furthermore, this book highlights the potential of the different phospholipases as therapeutic targets as well as part of prevention strategies. Twenty three articles in this book are organized in four sections that are designed to emphasize the most characterized forms of the phospholipases in mammalian cells. The first section discusses general aspect of phospholipases. Section two covers the role and function of phospholipase A in different pathophysiological conditions. The third section is focussed on phospholipase C which is believed to play a central role in transmembrane signaling. The final section covers phospholipase D which is present in a variety of different cells. The book illustrates that the activation of phospholipases is of fundamental importance in signal transduction affecting cell function. Overall, this book discusses the diverse mechanisms of phospholipase mediated signal transduction in different pathophysiological conditions and raises the possibility of specific forms of phospholipases serving as novel targets for drug development.

Multicellular organisms must be able to adapt to cellular events to accommodate prevailing conditions. Sensory-response circuits operate by making use of a phosphorylation control mechanism known as the "two-component system."
Sections include:
Computational Analyses of Sequences and Sequence Alignments
Biochemical and Genetic Assays of Individual Components of Signaling Systems
Physiological Assays and Readouts
* Presents detailed protocols
* Includes troubleshooting tips