This comprehensive study of local politics in Russia shows that the
key reforms of local government, and the struggle to forge viable
grassroots democracies have been inextricably linked to the wider
struggle for power between the regions and the Kremlin, and to the
specific nature of Russia's highly politicized and negotiated form
of asymmetrical federalism. During the Yeltsin era all attempts to
create a universal and uniform system of local-self-government in
the federation were a failure. Under the protection of their
constitutions and charters, and the extra-constitutional rights and
powers granted to them in special bilateral treaties, regional
leaders, particularly in Russia's 21 ethnic republics were able to
instigate highly authoritarian regimes and to thwart the
implementation key local government reforms. Thus, by the end of
the Yeltsin era the number of municipalities, their type, status
and powers, varied tremendously from region to region. Putin's
local government reforms also need to be viewed as an integral
component of his wider centralizing political agenda, and his
assault on the principles and practices of federalism. With the
instigation of his 'dictatorship of law' and 'power vertical',
Putin has thwarted the development of grassroots democracy and
overseen the creation of local 'electoral authoritarian' regimes.
Putin's new system of local self-government marks a victory for the
proponents of the 'statist concept' of local self-government over
those who championed the 'societal concept', codified in Article 12
of the Russian Constitution. Overall, this book is an important
resource for anyone seeking to understand politics in Putin's
Russia.
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