The interwar peace movements were, according to conventional
interpretations, naive and ineffective. More seriously, the
standard histories have also held that they severely weakened
national efforts to resist Nazi Germany and Stalinist Russia.
Cecelia Lynch provides a long-overdue reevaluation of these
movements. Throughout the work she challenges these
interpretations, particularly regarding the postwar understanding
of Realism, which forms the basis of core assumptions in
international relations theory.
The Realist account labels support for interwar peace movements
as idealist. It holds that this support -- largely pacifist in
Britain, largely isolationist in the United States -- led to
overreliance on the League of Nations, appeasement, and eventually
the onset of global war. Through a careful examination of both the
social history of the peace movements and the diplomatic history of
the interwar era, Lynch uncovers the serious contradictions as well
as the systematic limitations of Realist understanding and outlines
the making of the structure of the world community that would
emerge from the war.
Lynch focuses on the construction of the United Nations as
evidence that the conventional history is incomplete as well as
misleading. She brings to light the role of social movements in the
formation of the normative underpinnings of the U.N., thus
requiring scholars to rethink their understanding of the
repercussions of the interwar experience as well as the
significance of social movements for international life.
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