In the wake of disaster emergency responders are first on the scene
and last to leave. They put concern for the lives of others over
concern for their own lives, and work tirelessly to recover the
bodies of the missing. Their heroic actions save lives, provide
comfort to and care for the wounded and inspire onlookers, but at
what cost to themselves? We now know that rescue workers who are
exposed to mutilated bodies, mass destruction, multiple casualties,
and life-threatening situations may become the hidden victims of
disaster. The traumatic consequences of exposure can profoundly
impact emergency responders, radiate to their families, and
permeate the emergency organization. This much-needed new book,
based on the authors' original research and clinical experience,
describes the consequences of trauma exposure on police officers,
fire fighters, and paramedics. Weaving data collected in
large-scale quantitative studies with the personal stories of
responders shared in qualitative interviews, this much-needed
account explores the personal, organizational, and societal factors
that can ameliorate or exacerbate traumatic response. Stress
theory, organizational theory, crisis theory, and trauma theory
provide a framework for understanding trauma responses and guiding
intervention strategies. Using an ecological perspective, the
authors explore interventions spanning prevention, disaster
response, and follow-up, on individual, family, group,
organizational, and community levels. They provide specific
suggestions for planning intervention programs, developing trauma
response teams, training emergency service responders and mental
health professionals, and evaluating the effectiveness of services
provided. Disaster, whether large-scale or small, underscores our
ongoing vulnerability and the crucial need for response plans that
address the health and well being of those who confront disaster on
a daily basis. In the Line of Fire speaks directly to these
emergency response workers as well as to the mental health
professionals who provide them with services, the administrators
who support their efforts, and the family members who wonder if
their loved one will return home safely from work tonight.
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