The emphasis on organizational change in the corporate life of
recent years-including job redesign, autonomous groups, high
performance work systems, and the redesign of control systems-owes
a great deal to the pioneering work of Chris Argyris.
This book examines how individuals in organizations can become
more effective, in turn making organizations more effective. It
explores the conventional pyramidal structure of organizations, in
which there is top-down control by managers over workers, and
examines their negative consequences. These include organizational
injustice and eventually irrational decision-making. Argyris also
discusses the characteristic learning system of the modern
organization, which he describes as "single-loop" in character.
This system, he argues, is only adequeate enough to permit the
organization to implement existing policies. It does not permit the
more difficult and comprehensive task of questioning underlying
goals and assumptions, which he terms "doubt loop" learning. In
this kind of learning, the organization is able to confront the
more difficult problems that affect organizations in a time of
transition.
In his new introduction, Argyris reviews the strengths and
limitations of the argument advanced in "Integrating the Individual
and the Organization. "He describes why the pyramidal structure
endures, and why creating a self-learning organization is an even
more challenging task than he has imagined. The book will be of
interest to professionals with a long-standing interest in
organizational development as well as those just entering the
field, managers confronting the challenge of organization change,
and researchers in organizational behavior and theory.
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