Essay from the year 2005 in the subject Biology - Evolution, grade:
A (very good), Umea University (Department of Ecology and
Environmental Sciences), course: Evolutionary Ecology, 14 entries
in the bibliography, language: English, comment: This essay was
written in the course "Evolutionary Ecology" which also included a
seminar, a set of lectures and an exam. Single spaced, abstract:
The Neanderthals lived in Europe and the Near East for at least
250,000 years and they outdared several climate changes. They were
capable of surviving in a harsh, cold environment and were well
adapted to it - cultural and morphological. Thus, the Neanderthals
have been proven to be a successful human kind. But why then did
they disappear so quickly and without a trace just between 40,000
and 28,000 yr BP (= years before present) 8]? One possible answer
is that modern humans starting to invade the Near East and Europe
out of Africa 45,000 to 40,000 yr BP have outcompeted them, due to
higher cultural and mental abilities, using the resources in a more
efficient way than the Neanderthals. But is this really true? Have
modern humans really had higher abilities? Did they admix with the
local Neanderthal populations, integrating the native genes in
their gene pool? Or did modern humans not interbreed with them? And
- the big question: were Neanderthals and anatomically modern
humans distinct species or just local variants of the same species?
To bring more light into this scenario, these questions will be
answered in the following chapters using genetic, morphological and
simulation-data that has been brought up by several researchers
over the last years. Answering these fundamental questions also
lies in the range of basic needs of human mind: we all want to know
where we come from, who was our ancestor and who was it not. To
realize which strange ways evolution sometimes takes and to
determine what really happened is for sure an exciting thing, and
that is exactly what researchers
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