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Genetically Modified Mosquitoes for Malaria Control (Paperback)
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Genetically Modified Mosquitoes for Malaria Control (Paperback)
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Despite a century of research and attempts to control one of the
deadliest foes of mankind, the malaria situation remains a major
public health problem. Obviously biological explanations (the
resistance of parasites and mosquitoes against available drugs and
insecticides respectively) are often given, but they remain partial
and incomplete. Indeed, the deterioration of socio-economic
conditions due to the policies imposed on many developing countries
by international financial institutions, such as the structural
adjustment programmes and the mechanism of debt, plays an important
role in the malaria situation and its evolution. In the last
decade, molecular biology has been a source of great hope for
creating genetically-modified mosquitoes able to resist the malaria
parasite. If technical progress permits confidence in the creation
of such non-vectors, many questions remain open concerning the
putative success of their deployment and the resultant reduction of
malaria transmission. Indeed the understanding of the
coevolutionary processes underlying malaria/mosquito interactions
is crucially lacking despite its enormous importance. Moreover,
when discussing transgenic mosquitoes, one critical point is the
spread of the allele conferring resistance in mosquito populations
ensuring the replacement of a or several populations of vectors
able to transmit malaria by (theoretically) unable one(s). However,
invading a whole population of mosquitoes with a transgene
(composed with an allele conferring malaria-resistance and a
driving system) is unlikely to be an easy task, it will at least
depend on the population structure and on the quality of the
driver. Alongside this, it appears that the spread of
refractoriness itself is necessary but not sufficient as
interactions between the allele of interest, the parasite and the
environment may affect refractoriness and thus limit the expected
success in terms of malaria control. Indeed the aim of a release of
transgenic mosqui
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