Founded in 1900, the National Civic Federation (NCF), a
broad-based, nongovernmental social and policy reform organization,
emerged throughout the Progressive Era as one of the nation's most
powerful policy research and lobbying groups. Amidst the strong
demand by rank-and-file Americans for economic and social reform,
the NCF proposed that the government begin to assume a more
prominent role in managing the nation's economy and providing for
the needs of the country's weakest and most vulnerable citizens.
The organization constructed broad-based coalitions of business
leaders, labor leaders, social scientists, and politicians with
diverse backgrounds to fashion model legislation and promote public
policy aimed at meeting the demands created by modern
capitalism.
Cyphers' work challenges the longstanding assumption that
organizations like the NCF existed simply to build a relationship
between big business and the government for the sole benefit of big
business. He argues that the NCF sought the preservation of the
fundamental tenets of American liberalism and the redefinition of
this liberalism for a modern polity whose life was shaped by
industrial and commercial capitalism. It saw the individual states,
rather than the federal government, as the ideal mechanism to
promote uniform economic and social reform. Cyphers also charts the
origins of civic cooperation and the creation of voluntary
associations as alternatives to the statist remedies to modern
economic and social problems that were championed by America's
early 20th-century socialist movement.
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