Our transportation networks are the basic infrastructure supporting
our daily life and economic activities and are in constant need of
improvement and maintenance - but who should pay for their
improvement? The state through direct and indirect taxes? The user
through tolls and fares? The transport operator? And who should pay
for the environmental impact?
This book discusses the basic concept and practical conditions
of financial resources for transportation systems. After describing
the theoretical basis of burden, the book introduces the policies
and financial systems established for transportation in some
developed countries (Germany, France, UK, USA, Japan) and compares
them from an analysis viewpoint. The book then offers a methodology
for comparing the structure of financial resources and presents
calculations based on the investment amounts the different groups
(eg. transport operators, the state) must contribute to sustain and
improve the transport system.
In the first half of the book, the focus is on what positions
each country takes in regard to:
1) The responsibility of the public sector and the range of
participation by the private sector
2) The balance of burden covered by general funds and that covered
by users
3) The balance of burden covered by present financial resources and
that as set aside for the future as debt.
The second half clarifies how such national policies are
reflected in the actual financial resources. Here, after a detailed
review of the financial systems related to transportation in
various countries, a methodology for an international comparison of
financial resources for the improvements of transportation systems
is shown.
General
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