In this ground-breaking book Aharon Kellerman explores a rapidly developing aspect of contemporary life: automated and autonomous spatial mobilities and their social and urban implications. Distinguishing between automation, or self-doing, and autonomy, or self-government, at both the conceptual and practical levels, this book also draws a distinction between spatial mobility and automated spatial mobility. Automation processes for transportation and communications media and their controls are discussed in light of these differences. Presenting a wide-ranging discussion on autonomous vehicle (AV) development and its future adoption, as well as of social and spatial dimensions of the AV-age, this highly topical book points to the emergence of autonomously mobile cities and the new mobility landscapes they will present. Academics, as well as practitioners, in the fields of mobility, transportation, urban planning, geography and sociology will find this an essential read.

This research review discusses the most significant papers to have been published over the past fifteen years on the use of Global Positioning System (GPS) devices to measure person and vehicle travel. The carefully selected papers track developments in the use of GPS devices to record travel and document some of the latest applications in which GPS is starting to replace conventional self-report surveys.

Throughout World War II, Detroit's automobile manufacturers accounted for one-fifth of the dollar value of the nation's total war production, and this amazing output from ""the arsenal of democracy"" directly contributed to the allied victory. In fact, automobile makers achieved such production miracles that many of their methods were adopted by other defence industries, particularly the aircraft industry. In Arsenal of Democracy: The American Automobile Industry in World War II, award-winning historian Charles K. Hyde details the industry's transition to a wartime production powerhouse and some of its notable achievements along the way. Hyde examines several innovative cooperative relationships that developed between the executive branch of the federal government, U.S. military services, automobile industry leaders, auto industry suppliers, and the United Automobile Workers (UAW) union, which set up the industry to achieve production miracles. He goes on to examine the struggles and achievements of individual automakers during the war years in producing items like aircraft engines, aircraft components, and complete aircraft; tanks and other armoured vehicles; jeeps, trucks, and amphibians; guns, shells, and bullets of all types; and a wide range of other weapons and war goods ranging from search lights to submarine nets and gyroscopes. Hyde also considers the important role played by previously underused workers-namely African Americans and women-in the war effort and their experiences on the line. Arsenal of Democracy includes an analysis of wartime production nationally, on the automotive industry level, by individual automakers, and at the single plant level. For this thorough history, Hyde has consulted previously overlooked records collected by the Automobile Manufacturers Association that are now housed in the National Automotive History Collection of the Detroit Public Library. Automotive historians, World War II scholars, and American history buffs will welcome the compelling look at wartime industry in Arsenal of Democracy.

The Conference on Traffic and Granular Flow brings together international researchers from different fields ranging from physics to computer science and engineering to discuss the latest developments in traffic-related systems. Originally conceived to facilitate new ideas by considering the similarities of traffic and granular flow, TGF'15, organised by Delft University of Technology, now covers a broad range of topics related to driven particle and transport systems. Besides the classical topics of granular flow and highway traffic, its scope includes data transport (Internet traffic), pedestrian and evacuation dynamics, intercellular transport, swarm behaviour and the collective dynamics of other biological systems. Recent advances in modelling, computer simulation and phenomenology are presented, and prospects for applications, for example to traffic control, are discussed. The conference explores the interrelations between the above-mentioned fields and offers the opportunity to stimulate interdisciplinary research, exchange ideas, and meet many experts in these areas of research.

As the General Motors plant in Lordstown, Ohio halted production and faced possible closure, displacing its workers, artist LaToya Ruby Frazier joined with these workers, their families, and their local union leaders to tell the story of the plant in its final days. After more than fifty years of automobile production and a commitment to manufacture the Chevrolet Cruze until 2021, the facility was recently “unallocated� by GM, as the company shifts its focus toward overseas manufacturing and the production of electric and autonomous vehicles. For many, this meant uprooting their families and giving up the support of a close-knit community. Those who turned down transfers to GM plants in other states lost their income, pensions, and benefits. The Last Cruze, which sets out to amplify the voices of the auto workers in Lordstown, introduces a new chapter to Frazier’s work in investigating labor, family, community, and the working class. Exhibited at the Renaissance Society in 2019, this body of work includes over sixty photographs, alongside the written stories of the workers, and was staged within an installation that echoes the structure of the plant’s assembly line. This substantial catalogue includes extensive documentation of the work and introduces new essays and dialogues by contributors including Coco Fusco, David Harvey, Werner Lange, Lynn Nottage, Julia Reichert, Benjamin Young, and members of the local chapter of the United Auto Workers.  

How are the pleasures and thrills of the automobile linked to France's history of conquest, colonialism, and exploitation in Southeast Asia? Cultural and Literary Representations of the Automobile in French Indochina addresses the contradictions of the "progress" of French colonialism and their consequences through the lens of the automobile. Stephanie Ponsavady examines the development of transportation systems in French Indochina at the turn of the twentieth century, analyzing archival material and French and Vietnamese literature to critically assess French colonialism.

An account of the Japanese automobile industry, which focuses on its business success as a relative latecomer to the worldwide market. It profiles the leading producers, such as Toyota, Nissan, Honda and Mitsubishi, and highlights the features of their success in management and design.

This book examines the challenges faced by seven multinational companies - Intel, Lenovo, Samsung Electronics, ZTE, BMW Hyundai Motor Company, Mahindra and Mahindra - in their endeavour to contribute to the economic, environmental and social development of Asia. The lessons learned from the examination of these business practices may directly contribute to an increase in the practice of sustainable management and may as such contribute to positive economic, environmental and social impact of companies in this region. The cases are highly relevant for management theoreticians seeking to deepen our understanding of corporate sustainability in an area where scholars, practitioners and policy-makers can expect new questions, problems and challenges in the years ahead. The book is also of high interest to policy review agencies, policy makers and welfare economists seeking to support the development of a comprehensive sustainability framework for managing social and environmental issues in the context of Asia.

This book on road traffic congestion in cities and suburbs describes congestion problems and shows how they can be relieved. The first part (Chapters 1 - 3) shows how congestion reflects transportation technologies and settlement patterns. The second part (Chapters 4 - 13) describes the causes, characteristics, and consequences of congestion. The third part (Chapters 14 - 23) presents various relief strategies - including supply adaptation and demand mitigation - for nonrecurring and recurring congestion. The last part (Chapter 24) gives general guidelines for congestion relief and provides a general outlook for the future. The book will be useful for a wide audience - including students, practitioners and researchers in a variety of professional endeavors: traffic engineers, transportation planners, public transport specialists, city planners, public administrators, and private enterprises that depend on transportation for their activities.

This book continues the biannual series of conference proceedings, which has become a classical reference resource in traffic and granular research alike. It addresses new developments at the interface between physics, engineering and computational science. Complex systems, where many simple agents, be they vehicles or particles, give rise to surprising and fascinating phenomena. The contributions collected in these proceedings cover several research fields, all of which deal with transport. Topics include highway, pedestrian and internet traffic, granular matter, biological transport, transport networks, data acquisition, data analysis and technological applications. Different perspectives, i.e. modeling, simulations, experiments and phenomenological observations, are considered.

Railroad branch-line abandonment, grain subterminals, and major changes in rural land use and transportation patterns are generating heavy truck traffic on low-volume collector and arterial highways. Unfortunately, these changes are occurring at a time when America's highway network is under-funded and deteriorating. Tolliver presents an integrated set of methods for projecting the effects of rail-line abandonment and rural land-use changes on future highway costs. This unique book is analytical yet practical. It provides intuitive insights into the complex forces that generate truck traffic and lead to the deterioration of pavements and, at the same time, contains many useful and replicable formulas, techniques, and models. Unlike existing texts in highway engineering, this book focuses on freight transportation demand and the modeling of heavy truck traffic flows. Through the use of theoretical and applied concepts in transportation demand, mathematical programming, and network analysis, a set of procedures for modeling heavy truck traffic is formulated. Then, using life-cycle pavement concepts, a methodology for forecasting the financial effects of incremental heavy truck traffic is constructed. The impact assessment techniques are illustrated through the use of two real-world examples: (1) the location of a large grain subterminal elevator and (2) the abandonment of a railroad mainline. In each case, the concepts of freight demand forecasting, truck traffic simulation, and pavement deterioration analysis are applied to actual data and events.

This volume, the first to result from the Diebold Institute Information-Based Infrastructure Project, explores the links between business and government in the development of intelligent transportation systems (ITS) technology. The work focuses on road and vehicular infrastructures, comparing those of the U.S., Europe, and Japan, and the roles that ITS can play in solving major current and anticipated future transportational problems. Special attention is given to environmental and economic concerns.

The world's infrastructure requires refurbishing, but it especially requires rethinking. The computer has transformed business enterprises and now information technology can change our environment. This book explores the benefits and how to achieve them through the use of intelligent transportation systems (ITS). The implementation of ITS will potentially lead to individual drivers, fleet operators, and public transit users saving vast amounts of journey time and fuel, to a significant reduction in pollution and to improved road safety. The Japanese are ahead of the U.S. and Europe in the area of intelligent transportation systems, using position location devices, and electronic maps.

Most look at this development as one that helps speed passenger cars, but this book details the economics which point to the technology being equally good for speeding trucks and easing the movement of freight. Traffic avoidance is only part of the problem although route guidance is helpful. Financing of projects in ITS is an important area for innovation and ITS could be a source of revenue to municipalities rather than an expense.

The essays in this volume explore the phenomenon of foreign industrial recruitment in terms of the experience of six mid-American states--Michigan, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Kentucky, and Tennessee--in attracting Japanese automobile assembly facilities. This experience and the choice of plant sites by Mazda, Honda, Fuji-Isuzu, Mitsubishi, Toyota, and Nissan was invariably determined by multi-state negotiations and escalating state government incentive packages. To understand this phenomenon and its consequences, the essays in this volume sketch its comparative historical, economic, and legal dimensions; examine the dynamics of Japanese automobile investment in terms of the six site-specific studies; and then place these industrial recruitment experiences within a wider framework of federal-state relations and the prospects for a national industrial policy. Part I illuminates the background to and the comparative setting for the mid-American competition for Japanese automobile plants in the era of international corporate flight. Part II carefully probes the dynamics of development in terms of six site-specific studies. Finally, Part III places these six state industrial recruitment experiences within the wider framework of federal-state relations. This book makes informative reading for anyone interested in the automobile industry, Japanese-American trade polices, and federal-state relations.

This book contains twelve selected papers presented at the International Workshop on Traffic Data Collection and its Standardization held on September 8-9th 2008 in Barcelona. Organized and chaired by Barcelo and Kuwahara, the workshop was intended to examine the purposes and quality of data and how it is collected and used in traffic analysis, with the overall intent of improving and standardizing the practice.

Traffic data is the cornerstone to everything from the most classical traffic control analysis to the most advanced real-time control and management implementing modern Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) applications. These applications are primarily based on the availability of traffic data supplied by a Data Collection System which, equipped with more or less sophisticated technologies, provides measurements on the fundamental traffic variables, ideally with the required level of temporal aggregation, and perhaps, when the technology allows it, additional measurements on other variables of interest, depending on the type of application in which they will be used. The applications are in turn supported by models, and in fact the primary use of the data is to provide the input to traffic models whose quality depends on the quality, consistency, robustness, completion and other characteristics of the data.

The main papers presented at the workshop dealt with

• which kind of data are available and under what conditions,

• what kind of data are needed for
• • online applications
  • model calibration/validation
  • safety analysis
• data source reliability
• how standardization can accelerate developments in the field, and how traffic data can be accessed more easily

The papers presented, from which the final twelve were chosen:

1. Calibrating the Fundamental Diagram in Congestion: Methods Based on Observations at Consecutive Loop-Detectors

2. Nicolas Chiabaut, Ludovic Leclercq, Tiphaine Bretin, Christine Buisson

   Universite de Lyon, INRETS / ENTPE, LICIT,

3. A cost-effective Method for the Detection of Queue Lengths at Traffic Lights

Thorsten Neumann

German Aerospace Center, Institute of Transportation Systems

3. Fusing Road Travel Time Data

F. Soriguera CENIT Center for Innovation in Transport, Technical

University of Catalonia (UPC)

D. Abeijon, CENIT Center for Innovation in Transport, Technical University of Catalonia (UPC),

F. Robuste, School of Civil Engineering, Technical University of Catalonia

1. Floating Car Data Based Analysis of Urban Travel Times for the Provision of Traffic Quality

2. Jan Fabian Ehmke, Stephan Meisel, Dirk Christian Mattfeld, Universitat Braunschweig, Carl-Friedrich Gauss Department, Business Information Systems, Decision Support Group

3. Extended Floating Car Data in cooperative traffic management

4. Thomas Scheider, Martin Bohm, AustriaTech,

5. Long-term Investigations of Quality and Reliability of the Video Image Detection System m3

6. Ralf Reulke, Beate Meffert, Bjorn Piltz

   Humboldt-Universitat zu Berlin,

   Sascha Bauer, Daniel Hein, Marc Hohloch, Karsten Kozempel

   German Aerospace Center, Institute for Transportation Systems,

7. Data Mining For Traffic Flow Analysis: Visualization Approach

8. Takahiko KUSAKABE, Takamasa IRYO, Yasuo ASAKURA

   Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University

9. Microscopic data collection method for analyzing driving behavior at traffic signals

10. Francesco Viti, Serge P. Hoogendoorn, Henk J. van Zuylen

    Delft University of Technology

    Isabel R. Wilmink, Bart van Arem

    TNO, business unit Mobility & Logistics,

11. Data Collection for Measuring Performance of an Integrated Transportation System

12. Wei-Bin Zhang, Alex Skabardonis, Meng Li, Jingquan Li, Kun Zhou, Liping Zhang

    California PATH Program, University of California at Berkeley,

13. Data Requirements for Experimental and Operational Validations of Real-time Traffic Simulation Tools

14. Christine BUISSON, Aurelien DURET

    Universite de Lyon, ENTPE-INRETS, Laboratoire d Ingenierie Circulation Transports LICIT.

15. Parameterization of distribution using survey data: The influence of spatial factors on commuting trips in The Netherlands

16. Tom Thomas, Bas Tutert

    University of Twente, The Netherlands

17. Using floating car data for traffic state estimation in signalized urban networks

18. Henk van Zuylen, Yusen Chen, Fangfang Zheng

    Delft University of Technology

19. Exploring floating car data as a-priori information to dynamic origin destination matrix estimation

20. Yusen Chen, Henk van Zuylen, Runa Asmundsdottir

    Delft University of Technology

21. Data Collection, Use and Provision at the Transport Data Centre, New South Wales, Australia

22. Peter Hidas

    Manager, Transport Model Application Transport Data Centre, NSW Ministry of Transport

23. Hysteresis in the fundamental diagram: impact of measurement methods

24. Jorge A. Laval

    School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute 4 of Technology

25. Notes on traffic data, traffic applications and traffic models

26. Jaume Barcelo, Dept. of Statistics and Operations Research,

    Technical University of Catalonia

27. Standardising Traffic Data Managed by a Road Authority

28. Stuart Ballingall, Manager Road Information Services, VicRoads

29. International Traffic Data Base

Mark Miska, Masao Kuwahara, University of Tokyo"

"Everything should be made as simple as possible-but not simpler" Albert Einstein Traffic Theory, like all other sciences, aims at understanding and improving a physical phenomenon. The phenomenon addressed by Traffic Theory is, of course, automobile traffic, and the problems associated with it such as traffic congestion. But what causes congestion? Some time in the 1970s, Doxiades coined the term "oikomenopolis" (and "oikistics") to describe the world as man's living space. In Doxiades' terms, persons are associated with a living space around them, which describes the range that they can cover through personal presence. In the days of old, when the movement of people was limited to walking, an individual oikomenopolis did not intersect many others. The automobile changed all that. The term "range of good" was also coined to describe the maximal distance a person can and is willing to go in order to do something useful or buy something. Traffic congestion is caused by the intersection of a multitude of such "ranges of good" of many people exercising their range utilisation at the same time. Urban structures containing desirable structures contribute to this intersection of "ranges of good." xii Preface In a biblical mood, I opened a 1970 paper entitled "Traffic Control -- From Hand Signals to Computers" with the sentence: "In the beginning there was the Ford."

Hardbound. Travel behaviour research has a pivotal role to play in informing the current worldwide debate over the degree to which the growth in personal travel, notably by private motor vehicle, should be encouraged or controlled. At stake are complex public interests concerning air quality, energy, lifestyle, economic development and the built environment.This international collection of papers on current methodological and substantive findings from the analysis of personal travel is written by leading travel behaviour researchers from the social and engineering sciences. It is organised in four sections: traveller activity and perception; Stated Preference methods; dynamic behaviour; and improvement of behavioural travel models.

Societal trends have made the need for better travel demand forecasts more urgent, at the same time as making people's travel and activity patterns far more complex. Traditional traffic flow models are no longer sophisticated enough to cope.

Activity analysis is seen by many as the solution. It has had a short but intense history in geography, urban planning, time use research and, more recently, transportation. Pioneering activity-based models have now been developed to the point where, some argue, it is time to abandon the traditional four-step model for transportation demand forecasting and to adopt activity-based approaches instead. Others claim that the complexity of such approaches, and their tremendous data requirements, prevent them from having a significant impact.

This book explores these claims and the issues associated with them. An introductory section outlines the debate. The body of the work is organised in four sections: modelling developments; theories and empirical analyses; data needs and data representation; and policy analysis. The final section discusses future research directions.

Originally published between 1956 and 1997, the volume in this set take the automobile industry experience as a basis for a wider view of industrial relations, trends and developments from the 1950s to the 1990s. They also analyse the emergence of new institutions and systems of labour-management relationships, examine the effects of automotion and technical change, the impact of fluctuations in the market for cars and wage trends. They discuss the car and its role in social, geographical and political change. The volumes provide: detailed surveys of some of the biggest post-war disputes and especially of trade union organization. the experience of individual firms, such as Austin, Ford and Fiat. comparative surveys of labour relationships in major car manufacturing countries such as the UK, USA, Germany and Japan. And include: material about the technology, design and production of cars and the ancillary fields of oil production, refining and road building.

Roundabouts have become one of the most significant traffic control measures because they are generally statistically safer and more efficient than traditional at grade intersections. This book is dedicated to the evaluation of the operating conditions of roundabouts. In five parts, it thoroughly illustrates the calculation of the capacity, including reliability, and waiting phenomena parameters, such as the times spent in the system and queue lengths. Fully worked examples are included throughout the chapters, with detailed explanations.

Collective ratemaking in the motor carrier industry is undoubtedly one of the most poorly understood issues in the literature on economic regulation. While strongly held opinions are commonplace, real knowledge of the collective ratemaking process and of how trucking tariffs are constructed is scarce. William Tye closes this gap in our knowledge with the most comprehensive study yet of the effects of the Motor Carrier Act of 1980 on competition on the trucking industry.

Japanese carmaker Honda has pioneered a new breed of multinational enterprise - true manufacturing at the global scale. Honda has been a leader in confounding predictions that Japan's carmakers would and could never transfer their success abroad, and that a wholesale 'Japanization' of the west would be provoked if they did. The book covers manufacture, research and development, sourcing of components, human resources and labour relations, collaboration with western firms, political controversy, and the role of concepts and ideas, in Japan, North America, and Europe.

This book aims at stimulating discussion between researchers working on state of the art approaches for operational control and design of transport of water on the one hand and researchers working on state of the art approaches for transport over water on the other hand. The main contribution of the book as a whole is to present novel perspectives ultimately leading to the management of an envisioned unified management framework taking the recent advances from both worlds as a baseline. The book is intended to be a reference for control-oriented engineers who manage water systems with either or both purposes in mind (transport of water, transport of goods over water). It highlights the possible twofold nature of water projects, where water either acts as primary object of study or as a means. The book is dedicated to comparing and relating to one another different strategies for (operational) management and control of different but strongly related systems in the framework of the water. In that sense, the book presents different approaches treating both the transport of water and transport over water. It compares the different approaches within the same field, highlighting their distinguishing features and advantages according to selected qualitative indices, and demonstrates the interaction and cross-relations between both fields. It will also help to determine the gaps and common points for both fields towards the design of such a unifying framework, which is lacking in the literature. Additionally, the book looks at case studies where the design of modeling/control strategies of either transport of water or transport over water have been proposed, discussed or simulated.

Motor vehicles are prominent among the flows of exports and/or imports for Canada, Germany, Japan, and the United States, and these trade flows are heavily influenced by the basic relative competitiveness of the production processes for automotive manufacturing. In this book the authors analyze the factors that contributed to the comparative cost competitiviness of the four countries' automotive industries over the period 1961-1984 and disentangle the factors contributing to the Japanese cost and efficiency advantages. The authors provide estimates of comparative costs of automobile production (both short-run and long-run) and the sources of these cost differences, based on the econometric cost function methodology. An innovation is the careful treatment of capacity utilization, one of the most important sources of short-run cost and efficiency differences. This methodology is also used effectively in an analysis of the Canada-U.S. Auto Pact, a unique experiment in trade liberalization. Previous estimates of cost and efficiency differences using the plant inspection and comparison of company financial reports methodologies are also evaluated.

Contrary to popular belief, the automobile is not a twentieth-century invention. A steam-powered version of this vehicle was in use in Great Britain as early as the 1830s, and both steam- and petroleum-powered automobiles were operating in France and Germany by 1880. This volume traces the world political and economic forces that brought about the suppression of the first steam-powered carriage and the ultimate triumph of the gas-fueled automobile, which has played a crucial role in shaping the modern capitalist economy.