Embryoimplantationisaremarkableandcomplexprocess. Approachesde-
velopedfromthefieldsofcellanddevelopmentalbiology,immunology,
andmolecularbiologyhavegreatlyenhancedourabilitytostudythe
sharedaswellasuniquefeaturesofembryo-uterineinteractions. Impres-
siveandcriticalgroundworkhasbeenlaidbyalargeanddedicatedarray
ofendocrinologists,reproductivebiologists,andanatomists.
Thesestudies
havesetthestagetoutilizesensitiveandsophisticatedtechniquestode-
tectandmodulateproteinandgeneexpression. Justasthesymbiosisofmother
andfetusiscriticalforthemaintenanceofpregnancy,soisthesynergyamong
investigatorsfrommanydisciplines,bothinbasicandclinicalarenas,keyto
unravelingthemysteriesofimplantationandplacentation. Alargegroupof
contributorsinthisfieldhadtheopportunitytomeetanddiscussthestateof
thisartwiththesupportofSeronoSymposiaUSA,Inc. Whileitisneverpos-
sibletobringtogethereveryonewhohasplayedanimportantrole,itwas,
nonetheless,bothexcitingandgratifyingtohavesomanycolleaguestogether
forthisevent.
Inthechaptersthatfollow,thehighlightsofthismeetingarepresented
assummarizedbytheindividualpresentersofsevendifferentsessions. The
topichasbeenconsideredfromthebroadsocialandethicalimplications
ofmoderninvitrofertilizationandassistedreproductivetechnologiesto
detailedmolecularcontrolsovereventsthatoccurduringembryonicdevel-
opment,uterinepreparationforimplantation,andplacentalorganogenesis.
Thesechaptersdemonstratethesignificantandrapidprogressbeingmade
inthisfieldofbiologyandmedicine. Atthesametime,theyshowthat
muchmoreneedstobedonetounderstandandfullyappreciatethispro- cess.
Lessonslearnedfromthiseffortcanbeexpectedtocontinuetopro-
videinsightsintoother,relatedfields. Ofthemanycontributorstoour
understandingoftheprocessofimplantation,nonehavehadalargerim-
pactthanourcolleague,AllenEnders. Dr. Endershasplayedaparamount
roleindevelopingthebasicunderstandingofthecellbiologicalprocesses
vii VIII Preface
underlyingimplantationandplacentationinmanyspecies,includinghu-
mans. Hecontinuestocontributeandguidethoughtintheseareas. The
participantsofthissymposiumrecognizedDr. Enders'impressivecontribu-
tionsbyholdingthiseventinhishonor. DANIELD. CARSON * Contents
Preface vii Contributors xiii PartI. Development and Future ofHuman
In Vitro Fertilization and Embryo Implantation I.
ImplantationintheHumanasViewedbyCanonLaw, CivilLaw,andNaturalReason
3 HOWARDW. JONES, JR. , RICHARDA. MCCORMICK, AND SUSAN L. CROCKIN
2. TheImpactofMaternalAgeandOvarianAge
onImplantationEfficiency...12 STEVEN SPANDORFER AND ZEV ROSENWAKS
Part II. CellularAspects ofImplantation 3.
VascularInvasionDuringImplantationandPlacentation 23 ALLEN C.
ENDERS AND THOMASN. BLANKENSHIP 4.
OxygenRegulatesHumanCytotrophoblastProliferation,
Differentiation,andInvasion:Implicationsfor
EndovascularInvasioninNormalPregnancy andPreeclampsia 39 OLGA
GENBACEV,YAN ZHOU, MICHAEL T. McMASTER, JOHNW. LUDLOW, CAROLINEH.
DAMSKY, AND SUSAN1. FISHER 5.
Embryo-MaternalInteractionsafterDiapause inaMarsupial 54 MARILYNB.
RENFREE AND GEOFFREY SHAW IX x Contents 6.
CellularInteractionsandtheCysteineProteinases
intheProcessofMouseImplantation 67 BRUCE BABIARZ, SUZANNE AFONSO,
ANDLINDA ROMAGNANO Part III. HormonalRegulation 7.
NovelSteroid-RegulatedMarkersofImplantation 83 INDRANIC. BAGCHI 8.
MolecularSignalinginImplantation 92 SANJOYK. DAS, BIBHASHC. PARIA,
AND SUDHANSU K. DEY 9. IdentificationofProgesterone-RegulatedGenes
intheUterus 107 CINDEER. FUNK, BERTW. O'MALLEY, AND FRANCESCO1.
DEMAYO PartIV. MolecularMarkersofReceptivity 10.
MucinsProvideaBarriertoEmbryoImplantation 123 MARYM. DESOUZA,
GULNARA. SURVEYOR, XINHUI ZHOU, JoANNE JULIAN, ANDDANIELD. CARSON
II. PotentialInvolvementofTrophinin,Bystin,
andTastininEmbryoImplantation 132 MICHIKON. FUKUDA, DAITA
NADANO,NAO SUZUKJ, AND JUN NAKAYAMA 12.
OsteopontininHumanEndometrium: ARoleinEndometrialReceptivityand
EmbryoImplantation? 141 CHRISTOS COUTIFARJS,AKINYINKA OMIGBODUN,
PIOTR ZIOLKIEWICZ, AND JOHN HOYER PartV. TrophoblastFactors 13.
TheRabbitasaModelforImplantation: InVivoandInVitroStudies 151
LORENH. HOFFMAN,D. RACHEL BREINAN, AND GARETHL. BLAEUER 14.
RegulationofTrophoblastEndocrineFunction:
ThePlacentaDoesItsOwnThingTranscriptionally...161 JEROMEF.
STRAUSSIII ANDLEE-CHUANKAo Contents XI 15.
TranscriptionFactorsRegulatingtheDifferentiation
oftheTrophoblastCellLineage 167 IANC. SCOTTANDJAMESC.
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