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Books > Professional & Technical > Environmental engineering & technology > Sanitary & municipal engineering > Waste treatment & disposal > Hazardous waste treatment & disposal
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Solid and Hazardous Waste Management in Third World Countires (Hardcover)
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Solid and Hazardous Waste Management in Third World Countires (Hardcover)
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Total price: R4,530
Discovery Miles: 45 300
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Any unwanted material that turns out to be toxic, radioactive,
explosive, irritating to the respiratory system, carcinogenic and
has a negative effect on the environment as well as harmful to
human life is called hazardous waste. Developing countries are
quickly becoming industrialized and the number of factories is
increasing. One common thing in all of these countries is the
creation of waste from in huge quantities from industries,
hospitals, as well as households. This waste often becomes
hazardous easily due to poor solid waste mechanisms put in place.
This in turn poses a great danger to the life of humans, animals,
and the environment with several cases of injury and sometimes
death being reported. Mostly in these developing countries, the
main types of hazardous waste are industrial and medical waste.
However, there is also a significant amount of household waste
being produced daily. Industrial waste is mainly from the numerous
processing and manufacturing factories which release solid, liquid
and gaseous waste daily. Medical waste is mainly from hospitals and
health facilities which is increasing with more people seeking
medical care every day. Back at their homes the people also create
large amounts of waste. And despite there being designated dumping
areas, crude dumping is a norm which increases risks. Some
factories also send their liquid waste directly to rivers without
treating it. Others release gases and smoke into the atmosphere
which increases the effects of global warming. Interestingly, there
are laws and policies that govern waste management in these
developing countries. However, due to policies not being
implemented well, lack of resources and sometimes ignorance by the
people, the risks arising from poor waste management are always
prevalent. Any waste should be well controlled from the point of
production and well stored until it's transported to the ultimate
point of disposal. This is not always the case in developing
countries whose waste disposal methods being unregulated and
unconventional. For example, the owner of a household may not know
about segregation of non-hazardous and hazardous wastes. He or she
therefore puts all waste in one container and maybe burns it, not
knowing there was an explosive waste in the batch. This of course
exposes people to more risk. Health facilities have incinerators
and pits where they securely dispose all their waste. However, .
investigations show that not all of them carry our proper disposal
of their waste posing much danger to the environment and life.
Despite legislation being in place to control waste management, it
seems there needs more to be done to not only reduce the amount of
waste being produced but also to manage it and make it
non-hazardous. This includes education to the population,
segregation of waste, taking tough measures on all those who
disregard these policies, allocating more resources to the waste
management departments and inclusion of technology as a means of
waste management. The technology in developing countries may not be
as effective as it is in the developed countries, but with proper
use of the current one available to them can make a huge
difference. There are sites marked as waste disposal sites,
however, all these lie misused where you find them filled to
capacity and spilling over but not being emptied. With flies
buzzing all over and a strong stink polluting the air, this is very
hazardous. However, with the use of innovative technology, this is
easily manageable. Through the use of conventional ways of disposal
such as incineration, landfilling or even treating waste in
factories before releasing it, great strides can be made in making
waste less hazardous or non-hazardous at all. This includes
developing mechanisms that are sustainable and applicable even at
the household level.
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