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Zephaniah Kingsley Jr. and the Atlantic World - Slave Trader, Plantation Owner, Emancipator (Hardcover)
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Zephaniah Kingsley Jr. and the Atlantic World - Slave Trader, Plantation Owner, Emancipator (Hardcover)
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A controversial figure for his views on manumission and his
unorthodox marital arrangements, Zephaniah Kingsley Jr. (1765-1843)
is mostly known today for his Fort George Island plantation in
Duval County, Florida, now a National Park Service site, and for
his 1828 pamphlet, A Treatise on the Patriarchal System of Society,
that advocated just and humane treatment of slaves, liberal
emancipation policies, and granting rights to free persons of
color. Paradoxically, his fortune came from the purchase, sale, and
labor of enslaved Africans. In this penetrating biography, Daniel
Schafer vividly chronicles Kingsley's evolving thoughts on race and
slavery, exploring his business practices and his private life.
Kingsley fathered children by several enslaved women, then freed
and lived with them in a unique mixed-race family. One of the
women--the only one he acknowledged as his "wife" though they were
never formally married--was Anta Madgigine Ndiaye (Anna Kingsley),
a member of the Senegalese royal family, who was captured in a
slave raid and purchased by Kingsley in Havana, Cuba. A ship
captain, Caribbean merchant, and Atlantic slave trader during the
perilous years of international warfare following the French
Revolution, Kingsley sought protection under neutral flags,
changing allegiance from Britain to the United States, Denmark, and
Spain. Later, when the American acquisition of Florida brought
rigid race and slavery policies that endangered the freedom of
Kingsley's mixed-race family, he responded by moving his "wives"
and children to a vast agricultural settlement in Haiti that he
established for free persons of color. Kingsley's assertion that
color should not be a "badge of degradation" made him unusual in
the early Republic. His unique life is revealed in this fascinating
reminder of the deep connections between Europe, the Caribbean, and
the young United States.
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