Books > Science & Mathematics > Biology, life sciences > Life sciences: general issues > Neurosciences
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The Dynamic Brain - An Exploration of Neuronal Variability and its Functional Significance (Hardcover, New)
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The Dynamic Brain - An Exploration of Neuronal Variability and its Functional Significance (Hardcover, New)
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It is a well-known fact of neurophysiology that neuronal responses
to identically presented stimuli are extremely variable. This
variability has in the past often been regarded as "noise." At the
single neuron level, interspike interval (ISI) histograms
constructed during either spontaneous or stimulus evoked activity
reveal a Poisson type distribution. These observations have been
taken as evidence that neurons are intrinsically "noisy" in their
firing properties. In fact, the use of averaging techniques, like
post-stimulus time histograms (PSTH) or event-related potentials
(ERPs) have largely been justified based on the presence of what
was believed to be noise in the neuronal responses.
More recent attempts to measure the information content of single
neuron spike trains have revealed that a surprising amount of
information can be coded in spike trains even in the presence of
trial-to-trial variability. Multiple single unit recording
experiments have suggested that variability formerly attributed to
noise in single cell recordings may instead simply reflect
system-wide changes in cellular response properties. These
observations raise the possibility that, at least at the level of
neuronal coding, the variability seen in single neuron responses
may not simply reflect an underlying noisy process. They further
raise the very distinct possibility that noise may in fact contain
real, meaningful information which is available for the nervous
system in information processing.
To understand how neurons work in concert to bring about coherent
behavior and its breakdown in disease, neuroscientists now
routinely record simultaneously from hundreds of different neurons
and from different brain areas, and then attempt to evaluate the
network activities by computing various interdependence measures,
including cross correlation, phase synchronization and spectral
coherence. This book examines neuronal variability from
theoretical, experimental and clinical perspectives.
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