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Books > Humanities > Philosophy > Western philosophy > Ancient Western philosophy to c 500
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Levels of Argument - A Comparative Study of Plato's Republic and Aristotle's Nicomachean Ethics (Paperback)
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Levels of Argument - A Comparative Study of Plato's Republic and Aristotle's Nicomachean Ethics (Paperback)
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In Levels of Argument, Dominic Scott compares the Republic and
Nicomachean Ethics from a methodological perspective. In the first
half he argues that the Republic distinguishes between two levels
of argument in the defence of justice, the 'longer' and 'shorter'
routes. The longer is the ideal and aims at maximum precision,
requiring knowledge of the Forms and a definition of the Good. The
shorter route is less precise, employing hypotheses, analogies and
empirical observation. This is the route that Socrates actually
follows in the Republic, because it is appropriate to the level of
his audience and can stand on its own feet as a plausible defence
of justice. In the second half of the book, Scott turns to the
Nicomachean Ethics. Scott argues that, even though Aristotle
rejects a universal Form of the Good, he implicitly recognises the
existence of longer and shorter routes, analogous to those
distinguished in the Republic. The longer route would require a
comprehensive theoretical worldview, incorporating elements from
Aristotle's metaphysics, physics, psychology, and biology. But
Aristotle steers his audience away from such an approach as being a
distraction from the essentially practical goals of political
science. Unnecessary for good decision-making, it is not even an
ideal. In sum, Platonic and Aristotelian methodologies both
converge and diverge. Both distinguish analogously similar levels
of argument, and it is the shorter route that both philosophers
actually follow-Plato because he thinks it will have to suffice,
Aristotle because he thinks that there is no need to go beyond it.
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