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Between Mars and Mammon - Colonial Armies and the Garrison State in 19th-century India (Paperback)
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Between Mars and Mammon - Colonial Armies and the Garrison State in 19th-century India (Paperback)
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While popular images of the British Raj are saturated with images
and memories of military campaigns, remarkably few scholarly
studies have considered the direct impact that the army exerted on
the day-to-day operations of the British in India. Douglas Peers'
book demonstrates not only how important the army was to the
establishment of British domination but also to its subsequent form
and operation. Soldiers and civilians, with rare exception, were
united by the truism that British rule could only be retained by
the sword. A rationale and a programme for the Raj emerged that
emphasized the precariousness of British rule and showed that its
security could only be assured by constant preparedness for war.
Consequently, military imperatives and the army's demands for
resources were given priority in peacetime as well as wartime. This
accounts for the origin of the Burma War (1824-26) and the capture
of Bhartpur (1825-26), neither of which would appear at first
glance to be strategically vital or economically desirable.
Authorities in London viewed this militarization of the colonial
administration and its treasury with misgivings, recognizing not
only the financial costs involved, but the political consequences
of an increasingly autonomous army. Their efforts to restrain the
army were only partially successful. Even William Bentinck
(1828-1835), long famous for ushering in a period of reform in
India, could only temporarily curb military spending and the
influences of the army. He left the military chastened but
undefeated; the army's interests were too deeply entrenched and
even Bentinck was forced to concede Britain's dependence on the
Indian army.
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