Ex-Italian Somaliland describes the struggle of Somaliland under
the Italian government, who encouraged traffic of slaves, evicted
people from their land, and eventually used the colony as a base of
aggression against Ethiopia. Estelle Sylvia Pankhurst (May 5, 1882
September 27, 1960) was a notable campaigner for the suffragette
movement in the United Kingdom. She was for a time a prominent left
communist who then devoted herself to the cause of anti-fascism,
and for peace. In the mid-1920s, Pankhurst drifted away from
communist politics but remained involved in movements connected
with anti-fascism and anti-colonialism. In 1932 she was
instrumental in the establishment of the Socialist Workers'
National Health Council. She responded to the Italian invasion of
Ethiopia by publishing The New Times and Ethiopia News from 1936,
and became a supporter of Haile Selassie. She raised funds for
Ethiopia's first teaching hospital, and wrote extensively on
Ethiopian art and culture; her research was published as Ethiopia,
a Cultural History (London: Lalibela House, 1955). From 1936, MI5
kept a watch on Pankhurst's correspondence. In 1940, she wrote to
Viscount Swinton as the chairman of a committee investigating Fifth
Columnists, sending him a list of active Fascists still at large
and of anti-Fascists who had been interned. A copy of this letter
on MI5's file carries a note in Swinton's hand reading "I should
think a most doubtful source of information." After the post-war
liberation of Ethiopia, she became a strong supporter of union
between Ethiopia and the former Italian Somaliland, and MI5's file
continued to follow her activities. In 1948, MI5 considered
strategies for "muzzling the tiresome Miss Sylvia Pankhurst."
Pankhurst became a friend and adviser to the Ethiopian Emperor
Haile Selassie and followed a consistently anti-British stance. She
moved to Addis Ababa at Haile Selassie's invitation in 1956, with
her son, Richard, (who continues to live there), and founded a
monthly journal, Ethiopia Observer, which reported on many aspects
of Ethiopian life and development. She died in 1960, and was given
a full state funeral at which Haile Selassie named her 'an honorary
Ethiopian'. She is the only foreigner buried in front of Holy
Trinity Cathedral in Addis Ababa, in the area reserved for patriots
of the Italian war.
General
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