General surgery consists ofa main corpus of propaedeutic elements
and clinical problems, which has been modified over the years by
the separate development of numerous sub-specialistic branches.
Although a common basis on the physiopathology of surgical trauma
and post operative complications persists, as a result of general
knowledge of surgical diseases, there is no doubt that in the
spheres of doctrine and application, both research and clinical
medicine have distinguished themselves autonomously in many
surgical fields (orthopedics, neurosurgery, cardiovascular surgery,
thoracic surgery, urology, etc.). It is therefore difficult to
define the present configuration ofgeneral surgery, but without
question abdominal surgery occupies a position of pre-eminent
importance within the general framework. We are dealing, in fact,
with pathological pictures which occur in a section ofthe body
ofvast proportions, in which structures, organs, and
morphologically complex spaces are arranged to carry out important
functions. They are, therefore, subject to considerably complex
pathological alterations, such as to establish an interesting field
of diagnostic discussion and an exciting training-ground for
surgical activity. It can be affirmed that the diagnosis and cures
ofabdominal surgical diseases constitute a test ofthe surgeon's
experience. Diagnosis is often entrusted to a differential process,
the results ofwhich may be confirmed today by complementary
diagnostics. This, however, must be guided by predominating
clinical considerations, the exaggerated use of diagnostic
techniques, detached from clinical examination, being the cause of
very serious errors, which can mislead decision making and human
contact, which is the basis ofcorrect medical practice.
General
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