During the Civil War, neither the Union nor the Confederate army
could have operated without effective transportation systems.
Moving men, supplies, and equipment required coordination on a
massive scale, and Earl J. Hess's Civil War Logistics offers the
first comprehensive analysis of this vital process. Utilizing an
enormous array of reports, dispatches, and personal accounts by
quartermasters involved in transporting war materials, Hess reveals
how each conveyance system operated as well as the degree to which
both armies accomplished their logistical goals. In a society just
realizing the benefits of modern travel technology, both sides of
the conflict faced challenges in maintaining national and regional
lines of transportation. Union and Confederate quartermasters used
riverboats, steamers, coastal shipping, railroads, wagon trains,
pack trains, cattle herds, and their soldiers in the long and
complicated chain that supported the military operations of their
forces. Soldiers in blue and gray alike tried to destroy the
transportation facilities of their enemy, firing on river boats and
dismantling rails to disrupt opposing supply lines while defending
their own means of transport. According to Hess, Union logistical
efforts proved far more successful than Confederate attempts to
move and supply its fighting forces, due mainly to the North's
superior administrative management and willingness to seize
transportation resources when needed. As the war went on, the
Union's protean system grew in complexity, size, and efficiency,
while that of the Confederates steadily declined in size and
effectiveness until it hardly met the needs of its army. Indeed,
Hess concludes that in its use of all types of military
transportation, the Federal government far surpassed its opponent
and thus laid the foundation for Union victory in the Civil War.
General
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