Modern physics has accustomed us to consider events which cannot
give rise to certainty in our knowledge. A scientific knowledge of
such events is nevertheless possible. The method which has enabled
us to obtain a stable and exact knowledge about uncertain events
consists in a kind of changing of plane and in the replacing of the
study of indi vidual phenomena by the study of statistical
aggregates to which those phenomena can give rise. A statistical
aggregate is not a collection of real phenomena, among which some
would happen more often, others more rarely. It is a set of
possibilities relative to a certain object or to a certain type of
phenomenon. For example, we could consider the differ ent ways in
which a die, thrown in given conditions, can fall: they are the
possible results of a certain trial, the casting of the die (in the
fore seen conditions). The set of those results constitutes
effectively a set of possibilities, relative to a phenomenon of a
certain type, the fall of the die in specified circumstances.
Similarly, it is possible to consider the different velocities
which can affect a molecule in a volume of gas; the set of those
velocities constitutes effectively a set of possible values which a
physical property, namely the velocity of a molecule, can have."
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