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Nomonhan - Japanese-Soviet Tactical Combat, 1939 (Paperback)
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Nomonhan - Japanese-Soviet Tactical Combat, 1939 (Paperback)
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Before World War II, the Imperial Japanese Army (IJA) developed an
offensive tactical doctrine designed to allow its infantry forces
to fight successfully against a superior foe, the Soviet Union. A
battle test of that doctrine's effectiveness occurred from June
trough August 1939 along the Outer Mongolian-Manchurian border.
This essay follows the daily combat operations of the IJA's 2d
Battalion, 28th Infantry Regiment, 7th Infantry Division, for a
two-month period. During that time, the 2/28th Infantry was in
constant contact with Soviet combined arms forces. In July the
battalion participated in offensive operations against Soviet units
commanded by General Georgi K. Zhukov. When Japanese tactical
doctrine failed against a Soviet combined arms force, the Japanese
went on the defensive. Japanese officers, however, regarded
defensive doctrine as transitional in nature and adopted it only to
gain time to prepare for a counterattack. Defensive doctrine that
terrain be held until the resumption of offensive operations that
would destroy the enemy. A lack of flexibility doomed the Japanese
defensive effort. General Zhukov secretly marshalled his forces and
in mid-August used his armor columns to spearhead a double
envelopment of the static Japanese units in a position defense. The
Soviets encircled the Japanese units, including the 2/28th
Infantry, and the Japanese survivors had to fight their way back to
friendly lines. The 2/28th Infantry's War Diary provides a vivid
day-by-day account of its combat operations. This in turn allows
the examination of how the Japanese applied their tactical doctrine
on the battlefield. The Japanese tried to use and aggressive
tactical doctrine tocompensate for materiel and equipment
deficiencies in their army. Such an approach was successful as long
as the Japanese could conduct bold offensive operations. When they
were forced to adopt a defensive posture, however, discrepancies
between tactical doctrine and battlefield reality became apparent.
These problems, applicable to any army, highlight fundamental
difficulties of force structure, preconceptions of potential enemy
capabilities, and the role of doctrine in a combat environment. An
examination of small unit tactics is particularly useful to
illustrate the dynamics of doctrine as expressed on the
battlefield.
General
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