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Operation End Sweep - A History of Minesweeping Operations in North Vietnam (Paperback)
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Operation End Sweep - A History of Minesweeping Operations in North Vietnam (Paperback)
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Operation End Sweep: A History of Minesweeping Operations in North
Vietnam was written in 1977 by staff members of Tensor Industries
of Fairfax, Virginia. Tensor prepared this account under the terms
of a contract with the Mine Warfare Project Office of the Naval Sea
Systems Command which, in turn, responded to a requirement from the
Office of the Chief of Naval Operations. Since the study was a
security-classified document, it originally saw limited
circulation. Tensor's preface pointed out the importante of End
Sweep. That operation represented the U.S. Navy's first major
minesweeping campaign since the Navy faced the challenge, in
1950-1951, of clearing extensive enemy minefields laid at Wonsan,
Korea. The helicopter mine countermeasures systems developed after
the Navy's experience in Wonsan saw their first extensive use in
End Sweep. Finally, Tensor's authors noted the special problems
posed by the shallow depths of North Vietnam's coastal waters and
the sensitivity of the mines involved. Ironically, the U.S. Navy
originally laid the mines swept by American naval forces off North
Vietnam. The Seventh Fleet's 1972 mine offensive severely hampered
Hanoi's ability to import war supplies from abroad and was a factor
in encouraging Hanoi to negotiate a peace accord with the United
States. The mines posed an equal threat to seaborne commerce once
America withdrew from Southeast Asia. It is not surprising,
therefore, that in the talks leading up to the Paris cease-fire
agreement of January 1973, Hanoi demanded that the United States
enter into a separate diplomatic protocol in which America agreed
to "render harmless" the mines we had laid in the waters of the
Democratic Republic ofVietnam. Over the next six months, as the
U.S. Mine Countermeasures Force accomplished this work, and
American forces withdrew from Southeast Asia, Hanoi continued to
wage war against South Vietnam. During that period the United
States viewed the minesweeping operation as a means of attempting
to influence North Vietnam's behavior. Dr. Edward J. Marolda, Head
of the Naval Historical Center's Contemporary History Branch and a
well-known historian of the naval war in Southeast Asia, skillfully
revised this document for publication and composed an introduction
that places these events in historical perspective. I also wish to
acknowledge the major contributions made by Sandra J. Doyle, the
Center's Senior Editor, in copy editing the study and overseeing
its printing. Operation End Sweep describes a classic mine
clearance campaign involving the deployment of men, ships, and
specialized equipment halfway around the globe to complete a
demanding and politically sensitive naval operation. Considering
the continuing importance of mine warfare, the Navy's historians
publish this account in the hope that it will be of special
interest to today's naval professionals. Dean C. Allard Director of
Naval History
General
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