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Theory of Bridge Aerodynamics (Paperback, 2nd ed. 2010)
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Theory of Bridge Aerodynamics (Paperback, 2nd ed. 2010)
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In this second edition a new chapter has been added covering the
buffeting theory in a finite element format. The motivation for
this has been that a finite element format is becoming more and
more dominant in all areas of structural mechanics. It is
streamlined for computer programming, and it facilitates the use of
general purpose routines that are applicable in several types of
structural engineering problems. In this book the finite element
formulation of the problem of dynamic response calculations follows
the general principle of virtual work, a general principle which
may be found in many other text books. While the buffeting wind
load itself has with no trouble been included in a finite element
format, the main challenge has been to obtain a consistent
formulation that includes all the relevant motion induced forces.
This has been important, because, while many structures (e.g.
long-span suspension bridges) may suffer greatly and become
unstable at high wind velocities, the same structures may also
benefit from these effects at the design wind velocity. It is well
known that motion induced forces will change the stiffness and
damping properties of the combined structure and flow system. If
calculations are performed for a suitably close set of increasing
mean wind velocities and the changing mechanical properties
(stiffness and damping) are updated from one velocity to the next,
then the response of the system may be followed up to wind
velocities close to the stability limit, i.e. up to response values
that are perceived as unduly large. Finite element calculations may
be performed in time domain, in frequency domain or converted into
a modal format. All these options have been included. Pursuing a
time domain solution strategy requires the use of the so-called
indicial functions. The theory behind such a formulation is also
covered, and the determination of these functions from aerodynamic
derivatives has been included in a separate appendix.
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