In fiction, drama, poems, and pamphlets, nineteenth-century
reformers told the familiar tale of the decent young man who fell
victim to demon rum: Robbed of his manhood by his first drink, he
slid inevitably into an abyss of despair and depravity. In its
discounting of the importance of free will, argues Elaine Frantz
Parsons, this story led to increased emphasis on environmental
influences as root causes of drunkenness, poverty, and moral
corruption--thus inadvertently opening the door to state
intervention in the form of Prohibition.
Parsons also identifies the emergence of a complementary
narrative of "female invasion"--womanhood as a moral force powerful
enough to sway choice. As did many social reformers, women
temperance advocates capitalized on notions of feminine virtue and
domestic responsibilities to create a public role for themselves.
Entering a distinctively male space--the saloon--to rescue fathers,
brothers, and sons, women at the same time began to enter another
male bastion--politics--again justifying their transgression in
terms of rescuing the nation's manhood.
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