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Nationalism and Internationalism in Science, 1880-1939 - Four Studies of the Nobel Population (Hardcover, New)
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Nationalism and Internationalism in Science, 1880-1939 - Four Studies of the Nobel Population (Hardcover, New)
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Elisabeth Crawford's new study departs from the commonly held
notion that universalism and internationalism are inherent features
of science. Showing how the rise of scientific organizations around
the turn of the century centered on national scientific
enterprises, Crawford argues that scientific activities of the late
nineteenth century were an integral part of the emergence of the
nation-state in Europe. Internationalism in science, both
theoretical and practical, began to hold sway over scientists only
when economic relations and transportation and communication
facilities began to cross national boundaries. The founding of the
Nobel prize in 1901 confirmed the internationalization of science.
The workings of the Nobel institution rested on an international
community of scientists who forwarded candidates for the prizes.
Along with the candidates and eventual prizewinners, they
constituted the Nobel population, which, in the fields of chemistry
and physics between 1901 and 1939, numbered more than a thousand
scientists of greater and lesser renown from 25 countries. Crawford
uses the Nobel population for prosopographic studies that shed new
light on national and international science between 1901 and 1939.
Her four studies examine critically the following problems: the
upsurge of nationalism among scientists of warring nations during
and after World War I and its consequences for internationalism in
science, the existence of a scientific center and periphery in
Central Europe, the effective use of the Nobel prizes in an
organization whose primary purpose was to further national science,
and the elite conception of science in the United States and its
role in the success of thenational scientific enterprise. Two
introductory chapters provide necessary background by discussing
research methodology, and national and international science
between 1880 and 1914.
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