Until recently, biblical studies and studies of the written and
material culture of the ancient Near East have been fragmented,
governed by experts who are confined within their individual
disciplines' methodological frameworks and patterns of thinking.
The consequence has been that, at present, concepts and the
terminology for examining the interaction of textual and historical
complexes are lacking. However, we can learn from the cognitive
sciences. Until the end of the 1980s, neurophysiologists,
psychologists, pediatricians, and linguists worked in complete
isolation from one another on various aspects of the human brain.
Then, beginning in the 1990s, one group began to focus on processes
in the brain, thereby requiring that cell biologists, neurologists,
psychiatrists, psychologists, linguists, and other relevant
scientists collaborate with each other. Their investigation
revealed that the brain integrates all kinds of information; if
this were not the case, we would not be able to catch even a
glimpse of the brain's processing activity. By analogy, van Wolde's
proposal for biblical scholarship is to extend its examination of
single elements by studying the integrative structures that emerge
out of the interconnectivity of the parts. This analysis is based
on detailed studies of specific relationships among data of diverse
origins, using language as the essential device that links and
permits expression. This method can be called a cognitive
relational approach. Van Wolde bases her work on cognitive concepts
developed by Ronald Langacker. With these concepts, biblical
scholars will be able to study emergent cognitive structures that
issue from biblical words and texts in interaction with historical
complexes. Van Wolde presents a method of analysis that biblical
scholars can follow to investigate interactions among words and
texts in the Hebrew Bible, material and nonmaterial culture, and
comparative textual and historical contexts. In a significant
portion of the book, she then exemplifies this method of analysis
by applying it to controversial concepts and passages in the Hebrew
Bible (the crescent moon; the in-law family; the city gate;
differentiation and separation; Genesis 1, 34; Leviticus 18, 20;
Numbers 5, 35; Deuteronomy 21; and Ezekiel 18, 22, 33).
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