If you have two small objects, one here on Earth and the other on
the planet Pluto, what would you say of the following statement: No
modification of the properties of the object on the earth can take
place as a consequence of an interaction of the distant object with
a third body also located on Pluto? The opinion that the previous
statement is correct is very natural, but modern quantum theory
implies that it must be wrong in certain cases. Consider in fact
two arbitrary objects separated by such a large distance that they
are unable to exert any important mutual influence. It is possible
to show rigorously that a measurable physical quantity exists, with
a value more than 40% different from the value theoretically
predicted by quantum mechanics. Necessarily then, either space is
largely an illusion of our senses and it does not exist
objectively, or information can be sent from the future to the
past, or ... something important has to be changed in modern
physics. This is the essence of the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR)
paradox. A paradox is an argument that derives absurd conclusions
by valid deduction from acceptable premises. In the case of the EPR
paradox the absurd conclusion is that Bell's observable d should
have two different values d = 2.Ji and The "acceptable premises"
are the following: 1. All the empirical predictions of the existing
quantum theory are correct.
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