The notion of "natural law" has repeatedly furnished human
beings with a shared grammar in times of moral and cultural crisis.
Stoic natural law, for example, emerged precisely when the Ancient
World lost the Greek polis, which had been the point of reference
for Plato's and Aristotle's political philosophy. In key moments
such as this, natural law has enabled moral and legal dialogue
between peoples and traditions holding apparently clashing
world-views. This volume revisits some of these key moments in
intellectual and social history, partly with an eye to extracting
valuable lessons for ideological conflicts in the present and
perhaps near future. The contributions to this volume discuss both
historical and contemporary schools of natural law. Topics on
historical schools of natural law include: how Aristotelian theory
of rules paved the way for the birth of the idea of "natural law";
the idea's first mature account in Cicero's work; the tension
between two rival meanings of "man's rational nature" in Aquinas'
natural law theory; and the scope of Kant's allusions to "natural
law." Topics on contemporary natural law schools include: John
Finnis's and Germain Grisez's "new natural law theory"; natural law
theories in a "broader" sense, such as Adolf Reinach's legal
phenomenology; Ortega y Gasset's and Scheler's "ethical
perspectivism"; the natural law response to Kelsen's conflation of
democracy and moral relativism; natural law's role in 20th century
international law doctrine; Ronald Dworkin's understanding of law
as "a branch of political morality"; and Alasdair Macintyre's
"virtue"-based approach to natural law. "
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