The mystery of how the galaxies formed is a complex and
intriguing subject, involving several different theories and an
understanding of many different phenomena. Francoise Combes
outlines the context in which the Big Bang and the expansion of the
universe occurred and the first inhomogeneities from which arose
the early structures of the universe.
The author describes how, contrary to our everyday experience,
space and time appear to be intimately connected. In astronomy, a
telescope is a time machine. We can look today at distant galaxies
and, although we describe them in the present tense, we are really
seeing them in their youthful stages, now long over. Having
outlined the evolution and structure of galaxies, black holes are
introduced. What do we know about their origins and growth at the
centers of galaxies? The author describes how scientists can
observe and draw conclusions about black holes.
Scenarios of both "top down" and "bottom up" galaxy formation
are discussed, together with the relationship between red and blue
galaxies and dwarf, elliptical, and spheroidal galaxies. The
problem of dark matter is then addressed, including its
relationship to visible matter and to the structure of the universe
on the grand scale, focusing on the success of the Cold Dark Matter
model. The author concludes by reviewing problems that remain to be
solved and the techniques that might begin to be used to solve
these."
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