This book is part of a quest for a general theory of
organizations valid in all cultures. Central to Frank Salter's
investigation is the question of social power: why people obey
their superiors. His approach is to locate the nature of
organizational power in the behavioral details of hierarchical
interactions in the institutional settings in which they occur.
Salter begins by noting the extensive research that points to
hierarchy as being a necessary component of organization and
proceeds to an analysis rendered in universals of primary emotions
and behaviors of dominance and affiliation. The first five chapters
are theoretical, the last seven empirical. He reviews the social
science literature showing the place of ethological methods and
concepts, then aspects of the evolution and physiology of dominance
and affiliation. Salter then introduces the emotional underpinnings
of dominance and affiliation, and applies these concepts in a
summary of the literature on interpersonal signaling. He describes
the methods used, drawing parallels with classical ethology,
anthropology, and sociology.
The empirical section begins with a short chapter examining the
simple commands given in a military parade. Chapter 7 analyses
nightclub doormen's use of dominance in dealing with troublesome
patrons. Chapter 8 describes the giving and receiving of commands
in artistic rehearsals, and finds generally soft, appeased
commands. Chapters 9 and 10 analyze courts and meetings
respectively, finding both blunt and softened commands. Chapter 11
reports preliminary observations of command in general government
bureaucracy, a setting which combines many organizational
techniques in a highly articulated infrastructure. The concluding
chapter summarizes the data and adopts a comparative method in
searching for relationships between structural variables of
institutional dominance and behavioral variables of command
aggression, subordinate submission and resistance, and task
characteristics.
Provocative and well written, Emotions in Command will appeal to
students and researchers in sociology, anthropology, and social and
organizational-industrial psychology.
General
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