How did the United States, founded as colonies with explicitly
religious aspirations, come to be the first modern state whose
commitment to the separation of church and state was reflected in
its constitution? Frank Lambert explains why this happened,
offering in the process a synthesis of American history from the
first British arrivals through Thomas Jefferson's controversial
presidency.
Lambert recognizes that two sets of spiritual fathers defined
the place of religion in early America: what Lambert calls the
Planting Fathers, who brought Old World ideas and dreams of
building a "City upon a Hill," and the Founding Fathers, who
determined the constitutional arrangement of religion in the new
republic. While the former proselytized the "one true faith," the
latter emphasized religious freedom over religious purity.
Lambert locates this shift in the mid-eighteenth century. In the
wake of evangelical revival, immigration by new dissenters, and
population expansion, there emerged a marketplace of religion
characterized by sectarian competition, pluralism, and widened
choice. During the American Revolution, dissenters found
sympathetic lawmakers who favored separating church and state, and
the free marketplace of religion gained legal status as the
Founders began the daunting task of uniting thirteen disparate
colonies. To avoid discord in an increasingly pluralistic and
contentious society, the Founders left the religious arena free of
government intervention save for the guarantee of free exercise for
all. Religious people and groups were also free to seek political
influence, ensuring that religion's place in America would always
be a contested one, but never a state-regulated one.
An engaging and highly readable account of early American
history, this book shows how religious freedom came to be
recognized not merely as toleration of dissent but as a natural
right to be enjoyed by all Americans.
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