Using Kohut's seminal paper "Forms and Transformations of
Narcissism" as a springboard, Frank Lachmann updates Kohut's
proposals for contemporary clinicians. Transforming Narcissism:
Reflections on Empathy, Humor, and Expectations draws on a wide
range of contributions from empirical infant research,
psychoanalytic and psychotherapeutic practice, social psychology,
and autobiographies of creative artists to expand and modify
Kohut's proposition that archaic narcissism is transformed in the
course of development or through treatment into empathy, humor,
creativity, an acceptance of transience and wisdom.
He asserts that empathy, humor, and creativity are not the goals
or end products of transformations, but are an intrinsic part of
the ongoing therapist-patient dialogue throughout treatment. The
transformative process is bidirectional, impacting both patient and
therapist, and their affect undergoes transformation - for example
from detached to intimate - and narcissism or self-states are
transformed secondarily as a consequence of the affective
interactions. Meeting or violating expectations of emotional
responsivity provides a major pathway for transformation of
affect.
For beginning therapists, Transforming Narcissism presents an
engaging approach to treatment that incorporates the therapeutic
action of these transformations, but also leaves room for
therapists to develop styles of their own. For more experienced
therapists, it fills a conceptual and clinical gap, provides a
scaffold for crucial aspects of treatment that are often
unacknowledged (because they are not "analytic"), or are dismissed
and pejoratively labeled "countertransference." Most importantly,
Lachmann offers a balance between therapeutic spontaneity and
professional constraint. Focused and engaging, Transforming
Narcissism provides a bridge from self psychology to a rainbow of
relational approaches that beginning and seasoned therapists can
profitably traverse in either direction.
Dr. Lachmann contributed to an article on empathy in the April,
2008 issue of O magazine, pp. 230.
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