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Books > Medicine > Clinical & internal medicine > Neurology & clinical neurophysiology
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Structure of the Autonomic Nervous System (Paperback, Softcover reprint of the original 1st ed. 1976)
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Structure of the Autonomic Nervous System (Paperback, Softcover reprint of the original 1st ed. 1976)
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A conspicuous portion of the peripheral nervous system is part of
the 'vegetative nervous system'; it includes all the neurons which
innerv ate the viscera, salivary and lacrimal glands, the heart and
blood vessels, all other smooth muscles of the body, notably the
intrinsic muscles of the eye and the muscles of the hair. Only part
of the system belongs to the peripheral nervous system: it has also
its own nuclei and pathways in the central nervous system. The
distinction between visceral and somatic functions is a very old
one in our culture. With the development of neurology the notion of
a widespread nervous control of body functions emerged. Winslow
(1732) used the term nervi sympathici majores for those nerves,
which he thought to carry about 'sympathies' and then co ordinate
various viscera's functions. His was an anatomical break through,
which obscured Willis' 'intercostal nerve' and Vesalius 'cranial
nerve'. The notion was developed among others by John stone (1764)
who arrived, with the aid of some very accurate anatomical
observations, at the problem of the nervous influence on motion and
sensitivity of viscera. By the end of the eighteenth century, it
was clear, with Bichat (1800), that what he called 'sympa thetic
nervous system' (and his pupil Reil, a few years later, 'vegeta
tive nervous system ') controlled visceral functions (fa vie
organique), whereas somatic functions (fa vie animafe) were under
direct control from the brain and spinal cord."
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