EACH YEAR IN THE HIGHLAND Guatemala town of Santiago Momostenango,
Maya religious societies, dance teams, and cofradias perform the
annual cycle of rituals and festivals prescribed by Costumbre
(syncretized Maya Christian religion), which serves to renew the
cosmic order. In this richly detailed ethnography, Garrett Cook
explores how these festivals of Jesucristo and the saints derive
from and reenact three major ancient Maya creation myths, thus
revealing patterns of continuity between contemporary expressive
culture and the myths, rituals, and iconography of the Classic and
Postclassic Maya.
Drawing on fieldwork conducted in the 1970s and renewed in the
1990s, Cook describes the expressive culture tradition performed in
and by the cofradias and their dance teams. He listens as dancers
and cofrades explain the meaning of service and of the major ritual
symbols in the cults of the saints and Jesucristo. Comparing these
symbols to iconographic evidence from Palenque and myths from the
Popol Vub, Cook persuasively argues that the expressive culture of
Momostenango enacts major Maya creation myths -- the transformative
sunrise, the representation of the year as the life cycle of
anthropomorphized nature, and the erection of an axis mundi.
This research documents specific patterns of continuity and
discontinuity in the communal expression of Maya religious and
cosmogonic themes. Along with other recent research, it
demonstrates the survival of a basic Maya pattern -- the
world-creating vegetative renewal cycle -- in the highland Maya
cults of the saints and Jesucristo.
Garrett W. Cook is Associate Professor and Chair of Anthropology
at Baylor University.
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