In this illuminating study, Gelien Matthews demonstrates how
slave rebellions in the British West Indies influenced the tactics
of abolitionists in England and how the rhetoric and actions of the
abolitionists emboldened slaves. Moving between the world of the
British Parliament and the realm of Caribbean plantations, Matthews
reveals a transatlantic dialectic of antislavery agitation and
slave insurrection that eventually influenced the dismantling of
slavery in British-held territories.
Focusing on slave revolts that took place in Barbados in 1816,
in Demerara in 1823, and in Jamaica in 1831--32, Matthews
identifies four key aspects in British abolitionist propaganda
regarding Caribbean slavery: the denial that antislavery activism
prompted slave revolts, the attempt to understand and recount slave
uprisings from the slaves' perspectives, the portrayal of slave
rebels as victims of armed suppressors and as agents of the
antislavery movement, and the presentation of revolts as a
rationale against the continuance of slavery. She makes shrewd use
of previously overlooked publications of British abolitionists to
prove that their language changed over time in response to slave
uprisings.
Historians previously have examined the economic, religious, and
political bases for slavery's abolishment in the Caribbean, but
Matthews here emphasizes the agency of slaves in the march toward
freedom. Her compelling work is a valuable analytical tool in the
interpretation of abolition in North America, uncovering the
important connections between rebellious slaves on one side of the
Atlantic and abolitionists on the other side.
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