Private Military and Security Companies (PMSCs) have constituted a
perennial feature of the security landscape. Yet, it is their
involvement in and conduct during the ongoing wars in Iraq and
Afghanistan that have transformed the outsourcing of security
services into such a pressing public policy and world-order issue.
The PMSCs' ubiquitous presence in armed conflict situations, as
well as in post-conflict reconstruction, their diverse list of
clients (governments in the developed and developing world,
non-state armed groups, intergovernmental and non-governmental
organizations, and international corporations) and, in the context
of armed conflict situations, involvement in instances of gross
misconduct, have raised serious accountability issues. The
prominence of PMSCs in conflict zones has generated critical
questions concerning the very concept of security and the role of
private force, a rethinking of "essential governmental functions,"
a rearticulation of the distinction between public/private and
global/local in the context of the creation of new forms of
"security governance," and a consideration of the relevance, as
well as limitations, of existing regulatory frameworks that include
domestic and international law (in particular international human
rights law and international humanitarian law). This book
critically examines the growing role of PMSCs in conflict and
post-conflict situations, as part of a broader trend towards the
outsourcing of security functions. Particular emphasis is placed on
key moral, legal, and political considerations involved in the
privatization of such functions, on the impact of outsourcing on
security governance, and on the main challenges confronting efforts
to hold PMSCs accountable through a combination of formal and
informal, domestic as well as international, regulatory mechanisms
and processes. It will be of interest to scholars, policymakers,
practitioners and advocates for a more transparent and humane
security order. This book was published as a special issue of
Criminal Justice Ethics.
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