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Socrates, Pleasure, and Value (Paperback, Revised)
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Socrates, Pleasure, and Value (Paperback, Revised)
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In the past quarter century, enormous philosophical attention has
been paid to Plato's "Socratic" dialogues, as interpreters have
sought to identify which dialogues are truly Socratic and interpret
and defend the moral theories they find in those works. In spite of
this intellectual energy, no consensus has emerged on the question
of whether Socrates was a hedonist--whether he believed pleasure to
be the good. In this study, George Rudebusch addresses this
question and the textual puzzle from which it has arisen.
In the Protagoras, Plato has Socrates appeal to hedonism in order
to assert his characteristic identification of virtue and
knowledge. While in the Gorgias, Socrates attributes hedonism to
his opponent and argues against it in defense of his own view that
doing injustice is worse than suffering it. From the Apology and
Crito, it is clear that Socrates believes virtue to be the supreme
good. Taken together, scholars have found these texts to be
incoherent and seek to account for them either in terms of the
development of Plato's thinking or by denying that one or more of
these texts was meant to reflect Socrates' own ethical theory.
Rudebusch argues instead that these texts do indeed fit together
into a coherent moral theory as he attempts to locate Socrates'
position on hedonism. He distinguishes Socrates' own hedonism from
that which Socrates attacks elsewhere. Rudebusch also maintains
that Socrates identifies pleasant activity with virtuous activity,
describing Socrates' hedonism as one of activity, not sensation.
This analysis allows for Socrates to find both virtue and pleasure
to be the good, thus solving the textual puzzle and showing the
power of Socratic argument in leading human beings toward the good.
Tackling some of the most fundamental debates over Socratic ethics
in Plato's earlier dialogues, Socrates, Pleasure, and Value will
generate renewed discussion among specialists and provide excellent
reading for courses in ancient philosophy as well as ethical
theory.
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