"The Athletic Crusade" is the first book to systematically analyze
the role of sports in the expansion of U.S. empire from the 1890s
through World War II. Gerald R. Gems details how white, Anglo-Saxon
Protestant males set the standard for inclusion within American
society, transferred that standard to foreign territories, and
subtly used American sports to instill allegedly desirable racial,
moral, and commercial virtues in colonial subjects. In the realm of
such expansion, sports provided a less harsh, less militaristic
means of instilling belief in a dominant system's values and
principles than more overt methods such as war.
The process of change, however, had unexpected consequences as
subordinate groups adapted or even rejected American overtures.
Sport became a means for nonwhites to challenge whiteness, Social
Darwinism, and cultural hegemony by establishing their own physical
prowess, claiming a measure of esteem, and creating a greater sense
of national identity. Gems shows the direct influence of sports in
Hawaii, the Philippines, Puerto Rico, Cuba, and the Dominican
Republic and explores their comparatively minimal influence in
countries such as China and Japan.
Amid increasing globalization, "The Athletic Crusade" offers a
welcome perspective on how the United States has attempted to
spread its influence in the past and the implications for the
future of indigenous and other societies.
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