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Antonio Gramsci - An Intellectual Biography (Paperback, 1st ed. 2023)
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Antonio Gramsci - An Intellectual Biography (Paperback, 1st ed. 2023)
Series: Marx, Engels, and Marxisms
Expected to ship within 12 - 17 working days
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This intellectual biography provides an organic framework for
understanding Antonio Gramsci's process of intellectual
development, paying close attention to the historical and
intellectual contexts out of which his views emerged. The Gramsci
in Notebooks cannot fully account for the young director of
L'Ordine Nuovo, or for the communist leader. Gramsci's development
did not occur under conditions of intellectual inflexibility, of
absence of evolution. However, there is a strong thread connecting
the "political Gramsci" with Gramsci as a "cultivated man." The
Sardinian intellectual's life is marked by the drama of World War
I, the first mass conflict in which the great scientific
discoveries of the previous decades were applied on a large scale
and in which millions of peasants and workers were slaughtered. In
all of his theoretical formulations, this dual relation, which
epitomizes the instrumental use of "simpletons" by ruling classes,
goes beyond the military context of the trenches and becomes
full-fledged in the fundamental relations of modern capitalist
society. In contrast with this notion of social hierarchy, which is
deemed natural and unchangeable, Gramsci constantly affirmed the
need to overcome the historically determined rupture between
intellectual and manual functions, due to which the existence of a
priesthood or of a separate caste of specialists in politics and in
knowledge is made necessary. It is not the specific professional
activity (whether material or immaterial) that determines the
essence of human nature: to Gramsci, "all men are philosophers." In
this passage from Notebooks, we find the condensed form of his idea
of "human emancipation," which is the historical need for an
"intellectual and moral reform": the subversion of traditional
relations between rulers and ruled and the end of exploitation of
man by man.
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